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The folk psychology of souls

机译：灵魂的民间心理

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The present article examines how people's belief in an afterlife, as well as closely related supernatural beliefs, may open an empirical backdoor to our understanding of the evolution of human social cognition. Recent findings and logic from the cognitive sciences contribute to a novel theory of existential psychology, one that is grounded in the tenets of Darwinian natural selection. Many of the predominant questions of existential psychology strike at the heart of cognitive science. They involve: causal attribution (why is mortal behavior represented as being causally related to one's afterlife? how are dead agents envisaged as communicating messages to the living?), moral judgment (why are certain social behaviors, i.e., transgressions, believed to have ultimate repercussions after death or to reap the punishment of disgruntled ancestors?), theory of mind (how can we know what it is "like" to be dead? what social-cognitive strategies do people use to reason about the minds of the dead?), concept acquisition (how does a common-sense dualism interact with a formalized socio-religious indoctrination in childhood? how are supernatural properties of the dead conceptualized by young minds?), and teleological reasoning (why do people so often see their lives as being designed for a purpose that must be accomplished before they perish? how do various life events affect people's interpretation of this purpose?), among others. The central thesis of the present article is that an organized cognitive "system" dedicated to forming illusory representations of (1) psychological immortality, (2) the intelligent design of the self, and (3) the symbolic meaning of natural events evolved in response to the unique selective pressures of the human social environment.
机译：本文探讨了人们对来世的信仰以及与之密切相关的超自然信仰如何为我们对人类社会认知的演变的理解打​​开经验的后门。认知科学的最新发现和逻辑促成了一种存在心理学的新理论，该理论立足于达尔文自然选择的宗旨。存在心理学的许多主要问题触及认知科学的核心。它们涉及：因果归因（为什么凡人行为被表示为与一个人的来世有因果关系？被视为死者的人是如何向生活传达信息的？），道德判断（为什么某些社会行为，即犯罪，被认为具有终极影响力）死后的后果或对不满的祖先的惩罚？），心智理论（我们怎么知道死是什么样？人们使用什么社会认知策略来思考死者的心智？） ，概念获取（常识二元论如何与童年时期正式的社会宗教灌输互动？年轻人如何将死者的超自然属性概念化？）和目的论推理（为什么人们如此频繁地将自己的生活视为生活）为必须在其灭亡之前必须完成的目的而设计；各种生活事件如何影响人们对此目的的解释？）等等。本文的中心论点是致力于形成（1）心理不朽，（2）自我的智能设计以及（3）自然事件的符号含义的虚幻表示的有组织的认知“系统”承受人类社会环境独特的选择压力。

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