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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral and Brain Sciences >The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?
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The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?

机译：远见的演变：什么是精神时光旅行，这是人类独有的吗？

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In a dynamic world, mechanisms allowing prediction of future situations can provide a selective advantage. We suggest that memory systems differ in the degree of flexibility they offer for anticipatory behavior and put forward a corresponding taxonomy of prospection. The adaptive advantage of any memory system can only lie in what it contributes for future survival. The most flexible is episodic memory, which we suggest is part of a more general faculty of mental time travel that allows us not only to go back in time, but also to foresee, plan, and shape virtually any specific future event. We review comparative studies and find that, in spite of increased research in the area, there is as yet no convincing evidence for mental time travel in nonhuman animals. We submit that mental time travel is not an encapsulated cognitive system, but instead comprises several subsidiary mechanisms. A theater metaphor serves as an analogy for the kind of mechanisms required for effective mental time travel. We propose that future research should consider these mechanisms in addition to direct evidence of future-directed action. We maintain that the emergence of mental time travel in evolution was a crucial step towards our current success.
机译：在动态世界中，允许预测未来情况的机制可以提供选择性的优势。我们建议记忆系统在提供预期行为的灵活性上有所不同，并提出了相应的预期分类法。任何存储系统的自适应优势只能在于它对未来生存的贡献。最灵活的是情节记忆，我们建议将其作为更广泛的心理时间旅行系的一部分，它不仅使我们能够回到过去，而且能够预见，计划和塑造几乎任何特定的未来事件。我们回顾了比较研究，发现尽管该领域的研究有所增加，但尚无令人信服的证据证明非人类动物的精神时间旅行。我们认为，心理时间旅行不是一个封装的认知系统，而是包括几个辅助机制。剧院隐喻可以作为有效的心理时间旅行所需的一种机制的类比。我们建议，在未来研究中，除了对未来行动的直接证据外，还应考虑这些机制。我们坚持认为，精神时间旅行在进化中的出现是迈向我们目前成功的关键一步。

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