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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral and Brain Sciences >Why people see things that are not there: A novel Perception and Attention Deficit model for recurrent complex visual hallucinations
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Why people see things that are not there: A novel Perception and Attention Deficit model for recurrent complex visual hallucinations

机译：人们为什么会看到不存在的事物：针对反复出现的复杂视觉幻觉的新颖感知和注意力不足模型

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As many as two million people in the United Kingdom repeatedly see people, animals, and objects that have no objective reality. Hallucinations on the border of sleep, dementing illnesses, delirium, eye disease, and schizophrenia account for 90% of these. The remainder have rarer disorders. We review existing models of recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH) in the awake person, including cortical irritation, cortical hyperexcitability and cortical release, top-down activation, misperception, dream intrusion, and interactive models. We provide evidence that these can neither fully account for the phenomenology of RCVH, nor for variations in the frequency of RCVH in different disorders. We propose a novel Perception and Attention Deficit (PAD) model for RCVH. A combination of impaired attentional binding and poor sensory activation of a correct proto-object, in conjunction with a relatively intact scene representation, bias perception to allow the intrusion of a hallucinatory proto-object into a scene perception. Incorporation of this image into a context-specific hallucinatory scene representation accounts for repetitive hallucinations. We suggest that these impairments are underpinned by disturbances in a lateral frontal cortex-ventral visual stream system. We show how the frequency of RCVH in different diseases is related to the coexistence of attentional and visual perceptual impairments; how attentional and perceptual processes can account for their phenomenology; and that diseases and other states with high rates of RCVH have cholinergic dysfunction in both frontal cortex and the ventral visual stream. Several tests of the model are indicated, together with a number of treatment options that it generates.
机译：英国多达200万人反复看到没有客观现实的人，动物和物体。睡眠，痴呆病，del妄，眼病和精神分裂症的幻觉占其中的90％。其余的患有罕见疾病。我们回顾了清醒者的复发性复杂视觉幻觉（RCVH）的现有模型，包括皮质刺激，皮质过度兴奋和皮质释放，自上而下的激活，误解，梦境入侵和互动模型。我们提供的证据表明，这些既不能完全解释RCVH的现象学，也不能解释不同疾病中RCVH频率的变化。我们为RCVH提出了一种新颖的知觉和注意缺陷（PAD）模型。注意结合力受损和正确原型对象的不良感官激活与相对完整的场景表示相结合，会使感知产生偏见，从而使幻觉性原型对象侵入场景感知。将此图像合并到特定于上下文的幻觉场景表示中，说明了重复的幻觉。我们建议这些损伤是由外侧额叶皮层-腹侧视觉流系统的干扰所支撑的。我们展示了RCVH在不同疾病中的发生频率如何与注意力和视觉知觉障碍的共存相关；注意和知觉过程如何解释其现象学； RCVH发生率高的疾病和其他州在额叶皮质和腹侧视觉流中均存在胆碱能功能障碍。指出了该模型的若干测试，以及该模型生成的许多处理选项。

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