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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral and Brain Sciences >Religion's evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, communion
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Religion's evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, communion

机译：宗教的进化景观：直觉，承诺，同情心，共融

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Religion is not an evolutionary adaptation per se, but a recurring cultural by-product of the complex evolutionary landscape that sets cognitive, emotional, and material conditions for ordinary human interactions. Religion exploits only ordinary cognitive processes to passionately display costly devotion to counterintuitive worlds governed by supernatural agents. The conceptual foundations of religion are intuitively given by task-specific panhuman cognitive domains, including folkmechanics, folkbiology, and folkpsy-chology. Core religious beliefs minimally violate ordinary notions about how the world is, with all of its inescapable problems, thus enabling people to imagine minimally impossible supernatural worlds that solve existential problems, including death and deception. Here the focus is on folkpsychology and agency. A key feature of the supernatural agent concepts common to all religions is the triggering of an "Innate Releasing Mechanism," or "agency detector," whose proper (naturally selected) domain encompasses animate objects relevant to hominid survival - such as predators, protectors, and prey - but which actually extends to moving dots on computer screens, voices in wind, and faces on clouds. Folkpsychology also crucially involves metarepresentation, which makes deception possible and threatens any social order. However, these same metacognitive capacities provide the hope and promise of open-ended solutions through representations of counterfactual supernatural worlds that cannot be logically or empirically verified or falsified. Because religious beliefs cannot be deductively or inductively validated, validation occurs only by ritually addressing the very emotions motivating religion. Cross-cultural experimental evidence encourages these claims.
机译：宗教本身不是进化适应，而是复杂进化景观的反复出现的文化副产品，它为普通人类互动设定了认知，情感和物质条件。宗教仅利用普通的认知过程热情地显示出对超自然力量支配的反直觉世界的昂贵奉献。宗教的概念基础是由特定任务的泛人类认知领域直观地给出的，包括民间力学，民间生物学和民俗学。核心宗教信仰极少违反关于世界如何存在的所有不可避免问题的普通观念，从而使人们能够想象到解决生活问题（包括死亡和欺骗）的极不可能的超自然世界。这里的重点是民间心理学和代理。所有宗教通用的超自然特质概念的关键特征是触发了“先天释放机制”或“机构检测器”，其适当的（自然选择的）域包含与人类生存有关的动画对象，例如掠食者，保护者，和猎物-但实际上延伸到计算机屏幕上的移动点，风中的声音和云上的面孔。民间心理学还至关重要地涉及元表征，这使得欺骗成为可能，并威胁到任何社会秩序。然而，这些相同的元认知能力通过反事实的超自然世界的表示提供了开放式解决方案的希望和希望，这些反事实的超自然世界无法在逻辑上或经验上得到证实或证伪。由于无法通过演绎或归纳方式验证宗教信仰，因此只能通过仪式上解决激励宗教的情感来进行确认。跨文化的实验证据鼓励了这些主张。

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