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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Do social networks of female northern long-eared bats vary with reproductive period and age?
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Do social networks of female northern long-eared bats vary with reproductive period and age?

机译：北方长耳雌性蝙蝠的社交网络是否随生育时期和年龄而变化？

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Social structure, which is a function of the patterns of interactions among individuals, is particularly variable in fission–fusion societies. The underlying factors that drive this variation are poorly understood. Female northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) live in fission–fusion societies where females form preferred associations within groups that vary daily in size and composition as individuals switch roosts. The goal of our study was to test the predictions that preferred associations and social networks of female northern long-eared bats vary with reproductive period and age. We also tested the prediction that preferred relationships persist across years despite movements from summer roosts to winter hibernacula. Network analyses revealed that during gestation, females roosted in smaller groups where they roosted more regularly with fewer individuals than during lactation. This variation may reflect different social strategies to mediate higher energetic costs during lactation. Females of all ages roosted more often with younger individuals, which in turn had more direct and indirect associations than all other age classes. Younger individuals may play a role in maintaining connections between individuals, perhaps as a result of younger individuals being more exploratory. Temporal analyses suggested that relationships can persist for years as some pairs roosted together for multiple summers. We suggest that the dynamic nature of fission–fusion societies is associated with individual strategies to increase fitness relative to individual characteristics, in this case reproductive condition and age.
机译：社会结构是个体之间互动模式的函数，在裂变-融合社会中尤其易变。导致这种变化的根本因素了解甚少。北方雌性长耳蝙蝠（Myotis septentrionalis）生活在裂变-融合社会中，在这种情况下，雌性在群体中形成了偏好的协会，随着个体换栖，它们的大小和组成每天都在变化。我们研究的目的是检验以下预测：北方长耳蝙蝠雌性的偏好协会和社会网络会随着生育期和年龄的变化而变化。我们还测试了以下预测：尽管从夏季栖息地到冬季冬眠，偏好关系会持续多年。网络分析表明，在妊娠过程中，雌性栖息在较小的群体中，与哺乳期相比，它们以更少的个体有规律地栖息。这种差异可能反映了不同的社会策略，以在哺乳期间介导较高的能量消耗。所有年龄段的女性更常与年轻的个体共处，而这些个体反过来比其他所有年龄段的人都有更多的直接和间接联系。年轻的人可能在维持人与人之间的联系中发挥作用，这可能是因为年轻的人更具探索性。时间分析表明，这种关系可以持续数年，因为有些对栖息在多个夏天。我们认为，裂变融合社会的动态性质与个体策略有关，这种策略相对于个体特征（在这种情况下为生殖条件和年龄）提高适应性。

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