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When rate maximization is impulsive

机译:当速率最大化是冲动的

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Although optimal foraging theory predicts that natural selection should favor animal behaviors that maximize long-term rate of gain, behaviors observed in the laboratory tend to be impulsive. In binary-choice experiments, despite the long-term gain of each alternative, animals favor short handling times. Most explanations of this behavior suggest that there is hidden rationality in impulsiveness. Instead, we suggest that simultaneous and mutually exclusive binary-choice encounters are often unnatural and thus immune to the effects of natural selection. Using a simulation of an imperfect forager, we show how a simple strategy (i.e., an intuitive model of animal behavior) that maximizes long-term rate of gain under natural conditions appears to be impulsive under operant laboratory conditions. We then show how the accuracy of this model can be verified in the laboratory by biasing subjects with a short pre-experiment ad libitum high-quality feeding period. We also show a similar behavioral mechanism results in diet preferences that are qualitatively consistent with the digestive rate model of foraging (i.e., foraging under digestive rate constraints).
机译:尽管最佳觅食理论预测自然选择应有利于最大限度地提高长期收获率的动物行为,但在实验室中观察到的行为往往是冲动的。在二元选择实验中,尽管每种选择都有长远的收获,但动物还是希望处理时间短。对此行为的大多数解释表明,冲动中存在隐藏的合理性。相反,我们建议同时进行和互斥的二选选择相遇通常是不自然的,因此不受自然选择的影响。通过模拟一个不完美的觅食者,我们展示了一个简单的策略(即动物行为的直观模型)在自然条件下如何在长期的实验室条件下具有冲动性,而这种策略可以在自然条件下最大限度地提高长期增收率。然后,我们展示了如何通过在实验前随意分配高质量的喂养期来偏向受试者,从而在实验室中验证该模型的准确性。我们还显示出类似的行为机制导致饮食偏爱在质量上与觅食的消化率模型一致(即在消化率约束下觅食)。

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