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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Age-related multi-year associations in female humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
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Age-related multi-year associations in female humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

机译：座头鲸（Megaptera novaeangliae）中与年龄相关的多年关联

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摘要

Analyses of social structures in baleen whales are rare, and so far, they are thought to consist of mostly short and unstable associations. We investigated the association patterns of individual humpback whales from a summer feeding aggregation in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from 1997 to 2005. Photo-identified animals were sexed using genetic methods and were grouped into five categories: juvenile males/females, mature males and lactatingon-lactating females. We calculated half-weight association indices within and between the groups and found that 45% of the observation showed single animals and another 45% small groups (two to three) consisting mainly of mature animals besides lactating females. Using permutation tests, we found evidence for long-term associations between mature males and non-lactating females as well as among non-lactating females. Standardised lagged association rates revealed that these male–female groups disassociated quickly over about 2 weeks, whereas associations increased again towards the beginning of the breeding season. Non-lactating females of similar age engaged in multi-seasonal stable pairs for up to six consecutive feeding seasons; no mature male–female association was observed in consecutive years. The females with the most stable and long-term associations also had the highest reproductive output. While the risk of predation could not explain these long-term bonds, feeding cooperation seemed the most plausible explanation for group forming behaviour during the summer months.
机译：鲸鱼的社会结构分析很少见，到目前为止，据认为它们主要由短暂而不稳定的协会组成。我们调查了1997年至2005年夏季圣劳伦斯湾夏季取食聚集中的单个座头鲸的协会模式。使用遗传方法对有照片识别的动物进行了性别鉴定，并将其分为五类：少年雄性/雌性，成年雄性和哺乳期/非哺乳期女性。我们计算了各组之间以及各组之间的半权重关联指数，发现有45％的观察结果显示单只动物和另外45％的小群体（两到三只）除泌乳雌性外还主要由成熟动物组成。使用排列检验，我们发现了成熟雄性和非哺乳期女性之间以及非哺乳期女性之间长期关联的证据。标准化的滞后关联率表明，这些雌雄群体在约2周内迅速解除关联，而在繁殖季节开始时关联再次增加。年龄相近的非哺乳期雌性在多季节稳定对中连续饲养六个季节；连续几年未观察到成熟的男女关系。具有最稳定和长期联系的女性的生殖产量也最高。尽管被捕食的风险无法解释这些长期的联系，但进食合作似乎是夏季几个月中群体形成行为的最合理解释。

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