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Individual recognition and potential recognition errors in parent–offspring communication

机译：亲子沟通中的个体识别和潜在识别错误

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摘要

The recognition of food-provisioning parents is crucial for fledglings of many bird species. Vocalizations are the most commonly used cues in avian parent–offspring communication, and it has been shown in several species that fledglings respond specifically to their parents' contact calls. However, fledglings occasionally also react to unrelated adults. Such responses may reflect recognition errors or alternatively a strategy of fledglings to obtain food or other direct benefits from unrelated adult birds. In a playback experiment, we tested whether zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata fledglings perceive variation in adult call signatures to recognize their parents and whether the propensity to respond to unrelated individuals is related to the gender of adults and to signal properties of male and female calls. Male calls are learnt and show high intra-sexual variation, which may improve the accurate recognition of the father's individual signature. In contrast, calls of adult females are innate, show lower intra-sexual variation such that the mother's call is more likely to be confused with another female call. We demonstrate that fledglings are able to recognize their parents. In addition, fledglings reacted more strongly to unrelated females compared with unrelated males. Our findings suggest that responses to unrelated adults may reflect recognition errors and indicate the importance of variation in identity signals for individual recognition processes in parent–offspring communication.
机译：对提供食物的父母的认可对于许多鸟类的雏鸟至关重要。发声是鸟类父母与后代交流中最常用的线索，并且已经表明，在几种物种中，雏鸟对父母的联系电话有特别的反应。但是，雏鸟偶尔也会对无关的成年人做出反应。这种反应可能反映出识别错误，或者反映出雏鸟从不相关的成年禽类获得食物或其他直接利益的策略。在回放实验中，我们测试了斑马雀科Taeniopygia guttata雏鸟是否感知成人呼叫签名中的变异以识别其父母，以及对无关个体做出回应的倾向是否与成年人的性别有关以及是否表示男性和女性呼叫的性质。男性电话被学习并显示出较高的性内变异性，这可能会提高对父亲个人签名的准确识别。相反，成年雌性的电话是先天性的，表现出较低的性内变异，因此母亲的电话更容易与另一个雌性电话混淆。我们证明了雏鸟能够认出他们的父母。另外，与无关的男性相比，未出生的女性对无关的女性的反应更强烈。我们的发现表明，对不相关成年人的反应可能反映了识别错误，并表明了身份信号变化对于父母与子女沟通中个体识别过程的重要性。

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