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The role of the circumarctic forest-tundra ecotone for Arctic biodiversity

机译：北极森林-苔原交错带对北极生物多样性的作用

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The arctic forest-tundra ecotone (FTE), which links species communities of the boreal forest with those of the arctic tundra, is expected to respond swiftly to climate change with a profound reduction of tundra as the dominating scenario. With its circumarctic expanse and up to several hundred kilometres in width, the zone occupies a large part of the vegetated surface at high latitudes. Relocation and structural changes of the ecotone vegetation will affect not only plant but also animal and other biological diversity. A large number of arctic species are dependent on the FTE in terms of food and habitat during parts of their life cycle or annual migration. In the 'Arctic Species Trend Index', developed to provide trends in arctic vertebrates, more than half of the species and data are from the FTE. However, in assessments of arctic biodiversity, only the northernmost tundra-dominated areas of the ecotone are included. This is unfortunate and somewhat problematic since the treed part that serves as a source of seeds for new seedlings and saplings in the tundra-dominated part is excluded. This inconsistency hampers monitoring efficiency and biodiversity conservation efforts. During the International Polar Year, a large international research project on the FTE established numerous sites around the circumpolar north where causes and consequences of vegetation change were analysed. This network of sites and data forms an excellent basis for necessary monitoring of the spatial and temporal complexity of forest encroachment into tundra and its relation to arctic biodiversity.
机译：北极森林-苔原交错带（FTE）将北方森林的物种群落与北极苔原的物种群落联系起来，预计将迅速应对气候变化，并以苔原作为主要情景而大大减少。由于其环向广阔，宽度高达几百公里，该地区在高纬度地区占据了植被表面的很大一部分。过渡带植被的迁移和结构变化不仅会影响植物，还会影响动物和其他生物多样性。在其生命周期的一部分或每年的迁徙过程中，许多北极物种在食物和栖息地方面都依赖FTE。在提供北极脊椎动物趋势的“北极物种趋势指数”中，超过一半的物种和数据来自FTE。但是，在对北极生物多样性的评估中，仅包括了过渡带最北端的以苔原为主的地区。这是不幸的，而且有些问题，因为在苔原占主导地位的部分中，作为新苗和树苗的种子来源的树木部分被排除在外。这种不一致妨碍了监测效率和生物多样性保护工作。在国际极地年期间，有关FTE的一项大型国际研究项目在极地北极北部建立了许多站点，分析了植被变化的成因和后果。这种站点和数据网络为必要的监测森林入侵苔原及其与北极生物多样性的关系的时空复杂性提供了极好的基础。

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