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Development of Sustainable Corn Stover Harvest Strategies for Cellulosic Ethanol Production

机译：纤维素乙醇生产可持续玉米秸秆收获策略的发展

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摘要

To prepare for a 2014 launch of commercial scale cellulosic ethanol production from corn/maize (Zea mays L.) stover, POET-DSM near Emmetsburg, IA has been working with farmers, researchers, and equipment dealers through “Project Liberty” on harvest, transportation, and storage logistics of corn stover for the past several years. Our objective was to evaluate seven stover harvest strategies within a 50-ha (125 acres) site on very deep, moderately well to poorly drained Mollisols, developed in calcareous glacial till. The treatments included the following: conventional grain harvest (no stover harvest), grain plus a second-pass rake and bale stover harvest, and single-pass grain plus cob-only biomass, grain plus vegetative material other than grain [(MOG) consisting of cobs, husks, and upper plant parts], grain plus all vegetative material from the ear shank upward (high cut), and all vegetative material above a 10 cm stubble height (low cut), with a John Deere 9750 STS combine, and grain plus direct baling of MOG with an AgCo harvesting system. Average grain yields were 11.4, 10.1, 9.7, and 9.5 Mg ha−1 for 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Average stover harvest ranged from 0 to 5.6 Mg ha−1 and increased N, P, and K removal by an average of 11, 1.6, and 15 kg Mg−1, respectively. Grain yield in 2009 showed a significant positive response to higher 2008 stover removal rates, but grain yield was not increased in 2010 or 2011 due to prior-year stover harvest. High field losses caused the direct-bale treatment to have significantly lower grain yield in 2011 because the AgCo system could not pick up the severely lodged crop. We conclude that decreases in grain yield across the 4 years were due more to seasonal weather patterns, spatial variability, and not rotating crops than to stover harvest.
机译：为了准备在2014年开始使用玉米/玉米（Zea mays L.）秸秆生产商业规模的纤维素乙醇，爱荷华州爱美斯堡附近的POET-DSM一直通过“自由计划”与农民，研究人员和设备经销商合作，过去几年中玉米秸秆的运输和仓储物流。我们的目标是评估在钙质冰川耕作中发育的非常深，中度好至排水不良的Mollisol的50公顷（125英亩）场地内的七种秸秆收获策略。处理包括以下内容：常规谷物收获（无秸秆收获），谷物加上二次通过的耙子和草捆秸秆收获，单次通过谷物加上仅含穗粒的生物量，谷物加上除谷物以外的营养物质[（MOG） [穗轴，果壳和上部植物部分]，谷物以及从耳柄向上的所有营养物质（高切），以及高于10厘米茬高的所有营养物质（低切），并带有John Deere 9750 STS，谷物，再用AgCo收获系统直接打包MOG。 2008年，2009年，2010年和2011年的平均谷物产量分别为11.4、10.1、9.7和9.5 Mg ha-1。秸秆平均收获量在0到5.6 Mg ha-1之间，并且分别将N，P和K去除量分别提高了11、1.6和15 kg Mg-1。 2009年谷物产量显示出对2008年秸秆去除率提高的显着积极反应，但由于上一年秸秆收获，2010年或2011年谷物产量没有增加。大量的田间损失使直接捆包处理在2011年的谷物单产大大降低，因为AgCo系统无法收割严峻的作物。我们得出的结论是，四年来粮食产量的下降更多是由于季节性天气模式，空间变异性和非轮作作物而不是秸秆收获。

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