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Biofouling detection methods that are widely applicable and useful across disciplines: a mini-review

机译：生物耦合检测方法广泛适用，在学科中有用：迷你评论

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摘要

Biofouling, or the build-up of microorganisms in a biofilm at the solid-water or water-air interface, is an interdisciplinary problem. Biofouling causes various issues including clogging systems, contaminating devices, and creating infections that are extremely difficult to treat, to name but a few. Therefore, engineers, pharmacologists, microbiologists, wastewater treatment operators, chemists, food preservative formulators, home and personal care product formulators, and toxicologists all play a role in studying and have an interest in solving biofouling. High-throughput studies on biofilm prevention and removal can take the form of biofilm antimicrobial microdilution susceptibility (BAMS) tests. Due to vested interests of many disciplines, the results from these tests should be applicable and useful to each discipline. This critical review analyses the focuses, biological implications, and metrics required by each discipline. The possible detection methods that could satisfy each desired metric are then summarized. The detection methods were analysed in order to recommend two methods of biofilm detection, Crystal Violet stain and the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain, which correspond with three metrics including total biomass, log reduction, and the MIC, BPC, MBIC, MBC, BBC, and/or MBEC values. Determining these three metrics for each BAMS test will allow this type of research to be widely applicable and useful across many disciplines.
机译：在固水或水空间界面的生物膜中生物污染或微生物的积聚，是跨学科问题。生物污染导致各种问题包括堵塞系统，污染装置，以及产生极难治疗的感染，而不是几个问题。因此，工程师，药剂师，微生物学家，废水处理操作员，化学家，食品防腐配方，家庭护理产品和个人护理产品配方，以及毒理学家在学习中发挥作用，并对解决生物污染的兴趣。生物膜预防和去除的高通量研究可以采用生物膜抗菌微稀释敏感性（BAMS）试验的形式。由于许多学科的既得利益，这些测试的结果应适用，对每个学科有用。这次批判性审查分析了每个学科所要求的重点，生物学意义和指标。然后总结可以满足每个所需度量的可能检测方法。分析检测方法以推荐两种生物膜检测，晶体紫色染色和活/死炖虫染色方法，该方法与三项指标相对应，包括总生物质，降低降低和MIC，BPC，MBIC，MBC，BBC，和/或MBEC值。确定每种BAMS测试的这三项度量将允许这种类型的研究在许多学科中广泛适用和有用。

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