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首页> 外文期刊>Biogeochemistry >Quantitative effects of vegetation cover on wind erosion and soil nutrient loss in a desert grassland of southern New Mexico, USA
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Quantitative effects of vegetation cover on wind erosion and soil nutrient loss in a desert grassland of southern New Mexico, USA

机译：美国新墨西哥州南部荒漠草原植被覆盖对风蚀和土壤养分流失的定量影响

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摘要

Wind is a key abiotic factor that influences the dynamics of arid and semiarid systems. We investigated two basic relationships on vegetation manipulation (grass cover reduction) plots at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico: (1) wind erosion rates (horizontal mass flux and dust emission) versus vegetative cover, and (2) nutrient loss versus vegetative cover. The results indicate that wind erosion rates and nutrient loss by dust emission are strongly affected by plant cover; however, the importance of shrubs and grasses in reducing dust flux may not be equal. The dramatic increase of wind erosion between 75% grass cover reduction and 100% grass cover reduction suggests that sparsely distributed mesquites are relatively ineffective at reducing wind erosion and nutrient loss compared to grasses. Comparisons of nutrients between surface soils and wind blown dust indicate that aeolian transport is a major cause for the loss of soil nutrients in susceptible environments. We found that increased aeolian flux over three windy seasons (March 2004–July 2006) removed up to 25% of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) from the top 5 cm of soil, and about 60% of TOC and TN loss occurred in the first windy season (March–July 2004). The balance between net loss of nutrients by aeolian processes and the addition of nutrients by biotic processes changed from negative (net loss) to positive (net accumulation) between 50% grass cover reduction and 25% grass cover reduction. The estimated lifetime of surface soil TOC and TN of about 10 years on the plot with 100% grass cover reduction indicates that impacts of wind erosion on soil resources can occur on very short timescales.
机译：风是影响干旱和半干旱系统动力学的关键非生物因素。我们调查了新墨西哥州南部Jornada实验区的植被处理（草覆盖减少）图上的两个基本关系：（1）风蚀率（水平质量通量和粉尘排放）与植物覆盖率的关系，以及（2）养分流失与植物营养的关系覆盖。结果表明，植物覆盖度强烈影响风蚀率和扬尘排放造成的养分流失。但是，灌木和草在减少粉尘通量方面的重要性可能不尽相同。在75％的草皮减少和100％的草皮减少之间，风蚀的急剧增加表明，与草相比，稀疏的豆科灌木林在减少风蚀和养分流失方面相对无效。对表层土壤和风尘之间养分的比较表明，风沙运输是易感环境中土壤养分流失的主要原因。我们发现，在三个刮风季节（2004年3月至2006年7月），风沙通量的增加从表层5 cm土层中去除了高达25％的总有机碳（TOC）和总氮（TN），以及约60％的TOC和TN损失发生在第一个大风季节（2004年3月至7月）。风沙过程中养分的净损失与生物过程中养分的增加之间的平衡，从草皮减少50％到草皮减少25％从负（净损失）变为正（净积累）。在草地覆盖率降低100％的土地上，表层土壤TOC和TN的估计寿命约为10年，这表明风蚀对土壤资源的影响可以在很短的时间内发生。

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  • 来源
    《Biogeochemistry》 |2007年第3期|317-332|共16页
  • 作者

    Junran Li; Gregory S. Okin; Lorelei Alvarez; Howard Epstein;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Clark Hall 291 McCormick Rd. Charlottesville VA 22904-4123 USA;

    Department of Geography University of California 1255 Bunche Hall Box 951524 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA;

    Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Clark Hall 291 McCormick Rd. Charlottesville VA 22904-4123 USA;

    Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Clark Hall 291 McCormick Rd. Charlottesville VA 22904-4123 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Aeolian processes; Deserts; Soil nitrogen; Soil carbon; Vegetation cover; Wind erosion; Windblown sediment;

    机译：风沙过程;沙漠;土壤氮;土壤碳;植被覆盖;风蚀;风吹沉积物;

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