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Low Mg/Ca ratio alters material properties in sea urchin larvae skeleton

机译：低的Mg / Ca比值会改变海胆幼虫骨骼的材料特性

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摘要

Biomineralization in organisms is strictly regulated, and therefore, chemical compositions as well as crystal structures of the minerals are species specific. During the embryonic development, sea urchin larvae produce a calcite endoskeleton (spicules) that contains about 5% of Mg. For sea urchins and other organisms, it is assumed that Mg is important for the process of biomineralization and for the mechanical properties of the resulting biomineral. To study the influence of Mg on skeletal growth and on biomineral structure and composition, sea urchin larvae spicules were chosen as an in vivo test system. For this purpose, the Mg/Ca ratio was modified in the artificial seawater medium wherein sea urchin larvae were growing. It was shown that Mg deficiency during larval development caused morphology defects of the larvae and of their calcite spicules. The Mg distribution within the larvae skeleton was analyzed and found to be homogenous. An in vivo reduction of the Mg content influenced the mechanical performance of larval spicules (Young's modulus and hardness). The investigations of larvae exposed to reduced Mg conditions highlight the important role Mg plays for sea urchin larvae development, biomineralization process and the resulting biomineral. The sea urchin larvae are presented as an ideal model to study different effects on larval development and morphology, especially on the biomineral properties.
机译：生物中的生物矿化作用受到严格监管，因此，矿物的化学成分和晶体结构是特定于物种的。在胚胎发育过程中，海胆幼虫产生的方解石内骨骼（刺）含有约5％的Mg。对于海胆和其他生物，假定镁对于生物矿化过程和所得生物矿的机械性能很重要。为了研究镁对骨骼生长以及对生物矿物质结构和组成的影响，选择海胆幼虫针作为体内测试系统。为此目的，在生长海胆幼虫的人造海水培养基中改变了Mg / Ca比。研究表明，幼体发育过程中镁缺乏会引起幼虫及其方解石针状体的形态缺陷。分析了幼虫骨架中的镁分布，发现它们是均匀的。体内Mg含量的降低会影响幼虫针的机械性能（杨氏模量和硬度）。暴露于降低的Mg条件下的幼虫的研究突显了Mg在海胆幼虫的发育，生物矿化过程以及由此产生的生物矿中起着重要作用。海胆幼虫是理想的模型，可用于研究对幼虫发育和形态，特别是对生物矿物特性的不同影响。

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