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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Bulletin >Development of the Systematic Approach to Studying Agricultural Land and Agrolandscape Management
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Development of the Systematic Approach to Studying Agricultural Land and Agrolandscape Management

机译：研究农业土地和农业景观管理系统方法的发展

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This paper develops the methodological foundations of agrolandscape-environmental studies and management of agricultural land that are based on the concept of conservation and reproduction of land and other natural resources used in agriculture, soil fertility, productive longevity of agro-ecosystems and agrolandscapes (All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute), and the concept of the ecological framework of agricultural landscapes and ecological-economic balance (Moscow State University, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences). An integrative understanding of the essence of agricultural lands allows us to consider them as natural agricultural systems, which have a specific structure, functions, and links and are interrelated with other agrogeo-ecosystems and geo-ecosystems that form the environment. They supply agricultural products and other side derivatives of their functioning that are associated with the development of negative processes outside their limits. The features of study, construction, and management of agricultural land are determined by the dual nature-productive essence of agrogeo-ecosystems and the presence of three subsystems in them (abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic). A special role is played by a control and monitoring unit. Agrogeoecosystems are characterized by the presence of three types of relationships (substance-energy, informational, and management); three main functions of agrogeo-ecosystems (productive, environment-forming, and nature-protective); the ability of agrogeo-ecosystems to respond to anthropogenic impacts; the ability of adaptation and recovery; and their distinctive openness and dynamism. The priorities of studies and management of agricultural land are formulated in several principles (systematic approach, emergence, environmental framework, landscape-ecological balance, multilevel and multifactor adaptation, etc.). They are intended to improve the adaptability, sustainability, productivity, and resource-saving and environmental role of agro-ecosystems and agricultural landscapes, which is only possible by creating favorable conditions for their functioning, ensuring a balance between the productive and protective agro-ecosystems and favorable conditions for the development of soil and soil biota, for the active life of major soil-formers (perennial grasses and microbes).
机译：本文基于农业用地和其他自然资源的保护和再生产，土壤肥力，农业生态系统和农业景观的生产寿命（All-俄罗斯威廉姆斯·弗德研究所（Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute），以及农业景观生态框架和​​生态经济平衡的概念（莫斯科国立大学，俄罗斯科学院地理研究所）。对农业用地本质的综合理解使我们可以将其视为具有特定结构，功能和联系，并与构成环境的其他农业生态系统和地理生态系统相互联系的天然农业系统。他们提供农产品和其功能的其他副产品，这些产品与超出其范围的负面过程的发展有关。农业土地研究，建设和管理的特征取决于农业地理生态系统的双重自然生产本质以及其中存在的三个子系统（非生物，生物和人为因素）。控制和监视单元扮演着特殊的角色。农业生态系统的特征是存在三种类型的关系（物质-能量，信息和管理）。农业地球生态系统的三个主要功能（生产，形成环境和保护自然）；农业生态系统对人为影响的反应能力；适应和恢复的能力；及其独特的开放性和活力。研究和管理农业用地的优先事项由几个原则（系统方法，出现，环境框架，景观生态平衡，多层次和多因素适应等）制定。它们旨在改善农业生态系统和农业景观的适应性，可持续性，生产力以及资源节约和环境的作用，只有通过为其创造有利条件，确保生产性和保护性农业生态系统之间的平衡，才有可能为土壤和土壤生物区系的发展以及主要土壤形成者（多年生草和微生物）的活跃寿命提供了有利条件。

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