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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Bulletin >Nesting of Tundra Wader Species in the Orenburg Steppe Area in the 19th Century
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Nesting of Tundra Wader Species in the Orenburg Steppe Area in the 19th Century

机译：19世纪奥伦堡干草原地区苔原威胁物种嵌套

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Several tundra wader species occasionally nesting in the former Orenburg Province in the second half of the 19th century were reported by the prominent researchers of the avifauna of that region E.A. Eversmann, N.A. Zarudnyi, and P.P. Sushkin among others. In most cases, the scientists based their assumptions on circumstantial evidence alone, for instance, summer records of adult birds and migrating broods. Taking into account the specific biology of the species in question, such data could not be regarded as sufficient proof for the species' nesting. In the middle of the 20th century, these data were revised and quite justly criticized: this led to varying conclusions regarding the nesting of tundra wader species in the region as having been wrong. The matter seemed to be settled. Yet it should be noted that, along with circumstantial data on the nesting of northern waders, the early researchers had also reported very solid facts like finding nests with clutches of eggs and nonflying chicks (including the Red-necked Phalarope and the Little Stint). For certain reasons, those facts were not considered during the revision that followed. Firstly, it was difficult to find an explanation for such outstanding evidence in the middle of the 20th century. Secondly, no new nests of those species were found that could confirm the 19th century researchers as having been right. Furthermore, the idea that long-term cycles of climate changes influence the dynamics of bird nesting areas became widely accepted only by the end of the 20th century. Nowadays when this idea has been thoroughly developed, the possibility of the former nesting of some tundra wader species in arid regions does not seem so incredible. It seems likely that Zarudnyi and Sushkin were the last scientists to witness the nesting of tundra wader populations in the Orenburg region as over time due to climate warming the waders might have left the region for good.
机译：在19世纪下半叶的前奥伦堡省偶尔嵌套的几种苔原威胁物种被该地区Avifauna的突出研究人员报道了这一地区的突出的研究人员。 Eversmann，N.A. Zarudnyi和P.P.苏语等等。在大多数情况下，科学家们基于单独的间接证据的假设，例如，成人鸟类的夏季记录和迁徙育雏。考虑到所讨论的物种的特定生物学，这些数据不能被视为物种嵌套的充分证据。在20世纪中叶，这些数据被修订，完全批评：这导致了关于该地区缠绕在该地区苔原伴随物种的嵌套的结论。这件事似乎已经解决了。然而，应该指出的是，与北部趟过的嵌套的间接数据一起，早期的研究人员还报告了非常坚实的事实，如发现鸡蛋的巢穴和非飞虱（包括红细的鳞片和小型）的巢穴。出于某些原因，在遵循的修订期间没有考虑这些事实。首先，很难在20世纪中叶找到这种出色的证据的解释。其次，没有发现这些物种的新巢，可以确认19世纪的研究人员是正确的。此外，长期循环气候变化影响鸟巢区域的动态的想法仅在20世纪末被广泛接受。如今，当这种想法已经彻底发展时，在干旱地区的某些苔原伴随物种的前嵌套的可能性似乎并不那么令人难以置信。 Zarudnyi和Sushkin似乎是最后一位科学家们在奥伦堡地区筑巢，随着时间的推移，随着时间的推移，随着时间的推移，沃德尔斯可能已经离开了该地区，伴随着良好的地区。

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