A Population-Based Approach to Determining the Borders and Number of Natural Plague Foci

Sludsky A. A.; Boiko A. V.; Lyapin M. N.; Tarasov M. A.

摘要

A population-based approach to determining the borders and number of natural plague foci implies that the specialists in the field accept the concept that the existence of a natural plague focus is always provided by a single population of the main carrier. The discussion of this approach was motivated by the data collected in the course of a long-term study of the Hissar natural plague focus in Tajikistan. It was demonstrated that the area of this focus constitutes only 300 km(2), and its functioning is maintained by a single relatively small population of Microtus carruthersi Thomas, 1909, the main plague carrier. The Hissar mountain range territories neighboring the focus have been surveyed for plague for more than 20 years. However, the plague pathogen (Yersinia pestis Lehmann, Neuman, 1986) could not be detected notwithstanding the absolute identity of the species composition of rodents and fleas. Many known natural plague foci are considerably larger in size than the Hissar focus and are inhabited by several populations of the main carrier. For example, five groups of populations of the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1778), the main plague carrier, are described in the Eastern Caucasus high mountain focus occupying an area of 23 500 km(2). In the Tuva mountain focus, the plague pathogen was found in six populations of the main carrier, the long-tailed ground squirrel (Spermophilus undulatus Pallas, 1778). On the territory of the Muyunkum desert natural plague focus occupying an area of 93 000 km(2), 17 populations of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus Lichtenstein, 1823), the main plague carrier, are distinguished. Similar data are available for a number of other foci. Significantly, in different populations of the main carriers, the differences in the genotypes of both rodents and the plague pathogen were described, and asynchrony in plague epizootics could be traced. In such a way, the plague parasitic cenosis functioning within the borders and the habitation areal of a single population of the main carrier constitutes an autonomous standalone natural focus. Hence, the foci occupied by several populations of the main carrier are, in fact, groups of autonomous foci with a similar biocenotic structure. Therefore, a considerably larger number of natural (autonomous) foci are present within the plague natural focality zones than is commonly assumed.

机译：一种基于人口的方法来确定边界和自然瘟疫灶的数量意味着该领域的专家接受了天然瘟疫重点的存在的概念，这些概念总是由主要载体的单个群体提供。这种方法的讨论是通过在塔吉克斯坦的Hissar自然瘟疫焦点的长期研究过程中收集的数据。有人证明，该重点的面积仅占300公里（2），其功能由单一相对小的Microtus Carruthersi Thomas，1909，主瘟疫载体维持。 Hissar山脉领土邻近象征的困境已被调查20多年。然而，尽管啮齿动物和跳蚤的物种组成的绝对身份，但仍无法检测到瘟疫病原体（yersinia pestis Lehmann，Neuman，1986）。许多已知的天然瘟疫焦点的尺寸大于Hissar对焦，并且由主要载体的几个群体居住。例如，在东部高加索高山聚焦中描述了五组普通孔（Microotus Arvalis Pallas，1778），主瘟疫载体，占据了23 500公里（2）的地区。在Tuva山焦点中，瘟疫病原体在主要载体的六个种群中发现，长尾地鼠（Permophilus Undulatus Pallas，1778）。在Muyunkum沙漠天然瘟疫焦点占地面积93 000公里（2），17个伟大的Gerbil（菱形Opimus lichtenstein，1823），主要的瘟疫载体的群体。类似的数据可用于许多其他焦点。显着地，在主要载体的不同群体中，描述了啮齿动物和瘟疫病原体的基因型的差异，并且可以跟踪瘟疫外膜引脚的异步。以这样的方式，在边界内的瘟疫寄生衰春和主要载体的单个群体的居所面部构成了自主独立的自然焦点。因此，主要载体的几个群体占据的焦点实际上是具有类似生物激素结构的自主焦点组。因此，在瘟疫自然关键区内存在大量的自然（自主）焦点，而不是通常被假设。

A Population-Based Approach to Determining the Borders and Number of Natural Plague Foci

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