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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Bulletin >Modern Condition and Population Dynamics of the Brown Bear(Ursus arctos meridionalis) in the Western Caucasus
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Modern Condition and Population Dynamics of the Brown Bear(Ursus arctos meridionalis) in the Western Caucasus

机译：西部高加索棕熊（Ursus Arctos Meridionalis）的现代状况和人口动态

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An assessment of the current state of the brown bear population (Ursus arctos meridionalis Midd. 1851) within the western Caucasus has been carried out. By the end of 2010, the range of bears is shown to have shrunk almost to the borders of Sochi National Park, the Caucasus Nature Reserve, and nearby environs. Over the last ten years, about 20 000 hectares of bear habitats were lost due to resort construction, including fall and den stations on the Aibga and Psekhako ridges, which are the most important for the species. The bear migration routes in the Mzymta River valley and the upper Pshekha area were disturbed. Food waste dumps within the bear habitats (in tourist camps and construction areas) have caused the development of synanthropic individuals. The population numbers have decreased approximately by half since the mid-1990s, but are now stable at the level of about 300 individuals. The age and sex ratios indicate a normal population structure, which is characteristic of moderately exploited bear populations. In 2013-2018, the share of females with yearling cubs in the total number of bears ranged within 9.6-10.4%, the proportion of bear yearling cubs being 21%. Among the females with yearling cubs, 55% had one bear cub, while 35% had two cubs. On average, the number of cubs per female is 1.6 +/- 0.1. The bear migration routes from the northern and southern foothills toward the highlands of the Caucasus Nature Reserve have mostly been preserved. In general, the bears have adapted to the conditions that have changed over the past ten years, and one of the adaptation mechanisms appears to be the significance of the Nature Reserve territory in the spatial structure of the bear population.
机译：在西部高加索内的棕熊人口（Ursus Arctos Meridionalis Middions Middions Middions）的当前状态进行了评估。截至2010年底，熊的范围显示，几乎缩减到索契国家公园，高加索自然保护区和附近的周围的边界。在过去的十年中，由于度假村建设，约20 000公顷的熊栖息地损失，包括AIBGA和Psekhako山脊上的秋季和书房，这对物种来说是最重要的。 Mzymta River Valley和上部Pshekha地区的熊迁移路线受到干扰。熊栖息地（在旅游营地和建筑领域）内的食物垃圾堆积导致了股份流体的发展。自20世纪90年代中期以来，人口数量减少了大约一半，但现在在约300人的水平稳定。年龄和性别比率表明正常的人口结构，这是中度被剥削的熊群众的特征。 2013 - 2018年，女性在熊队的总数占熊队的份额范围内9.6-10.4％，熊少年比例为21％。在一岁幼崽的女性中，55％有一只熊幼崽，而35％的人有两只幼崽。平均而言，每个女性的幼崽数量为1.6 +/- 0.1。来自北部和南部山麓的熊迁移路线朝着高加索自然保护区的高地的高地保存了。一般而言，熊对过去十年来改变的条件，适应机制之一似乎是熊群空间结构中自然保护境的重要性。

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