Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of the Macrobenthos in a Mangrove Plantation and Two Natural Associations of Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

Zvonareva S. S.; Kantor Yu I; Nguyen T. T. H.; Britayev T. A.

摘要

The rapid decline in the area occupied by mangrove forests has convinced the Vietnamese government to launch a program for conserving and restoring the mangrove ecosystems throughout the country. This program included an experimental planting of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings in Dam Bay in Khanh Hoa province. In the course of this work, the state of the macrobenthos was monitored in new mangrove plantations, and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics were compared with those in natural mangrove associations of this area. The bulk of the material was collected in three intertidal zones in the area of mangrove plantations in Dam Bay. In addition, natural mangrove associations were investigated: one in Dam Bay, and the other (the most mature and largest association of the area) in the neighboring Nha Phu Bay. The natural mangrove association in Dam Bay was represented by a narrow belt of Rhizophora apiculata. The intertidal zone in the area of mangrove plantations is also represented by a narrow belt of Rhizophora apiculata. Until 2004, the middle and lower zones were formed by the mudflat. In 2004, mangrove seedlings were planted in the middle intertidal zone below the mature trees of the upper zone. As the seedlings grew, they began to slow down tidal currents, and nutrients began to linger in the ecosystem. The developing crown of young trees began to give litter and shade, favorable for the development of microalgae. In addition, young trees formed a hard substrate. As a result, there was an increase in the species diversity of the macrobenthic eurybiotic species and an increase in the abundance of opportunistic species. Young trees in the middle intertidal zone and formed a single mangrove forest of a large area together with adult trees of the upper zone, which caused the appearance of specialized species of gastropods and bivalve mollusks, as well as crabs. During the monitoring period, the composition and structure of the macrobenthos of mangrove plantations were gradually approaching to those in the mature natural mangrove association in Nha Phu. However, significant differences still remain between these associations after ten years of observing the growth of mangrove seedlings. The macrobenthos of Nha Phu is represented by a large number of specialized mangrove species of gastropod mollusks, and it also has a completely different structure of the taxocene of bivalve mollusks. This is likely explained by the high floristic diversity in Nha Phu and the maturity of this mangrove association. As a result of qualitative and quantitative collection of the macrobenthos, 139 species of invertebrates were found in the three mangrove associations studied. The key groups of the macrobenthos are gastropods, bivalve mollusks, and crabs. The data obtained on the composition and diversity of the macrobenthos fit into the general pattern of the mangrove fauna of the Indo-West Pacific and Southeast Asia.

机译：红树林占领的地区的迅速下降使越南政府表示，推出一项巩固和恢复全国红树林生态系统的方案。该计划包括在哈哈省安坝湾的大坝湾rhizophora apiculata幼苗的实验种植。在这项工作的过程中，Macrobenthos的状态在新的红树林种植园中监测，并将其定量和定性特征与该地区的天然红树林联想的定量和定性特征进行了比较。在大坝湾的红树林地区的三个潮间区中收集了大部分材料。此外，在邻近的NHA Phu湾进行了调查了天然红树林协会：在大坝湾，另一个（该地区最成熟，最大和最大的协会）。大坝海湾的天然红树林协会由狭窄的rhizophora apiculata表示。红树林种植园区域的潮间区也由狭窄的rhizophora apiCulata表示。直到2004年，中下部区域由泥浆形成。 2004年，种植在上部成熟树下的中间跨界区的红树林幼苗。随着幼苗的增长，他们开始减缓潮流，营养成分开始在生态系统中徘徊。幼树的发展冠开始给垃圾和阴影，有利于微藻的发展。此外，幼树形成了硬质衬底。因此，大肠病患者物种的物种多样性升高，机会型物种的丰富量增加。中间潮间带的幼树和成年区域的成年树木形成了一个大面积的单一红树林，这导致了胃肠道和螃蟹的专门种类的胃肠和双重软体动物的外观。在监测期间，红树林种植园的Macrobenthos的组成和结构逐渐接近NHA Phu成熟天然红树林协会的组成和结构。然而，在观察红树林幼苗生长的十年后，这些关联仍然存在显着差异。 NHA PHU的Macrobenthos由大量专业的美洲红树软体动物组成，它还具有完全不同的双级单独的紫罗兰类紫罗兰毒素结构。这可能是由NHA PHU的高植物多样性和这种红树林协会的成熟来解释。由于Macrobenthos的定性和定量收集，在研究的三种红树林关联中发现了139种无脊椎动物。 Macrobenthos的关键群是胃食品，双级软体动物和螃蟹。对Macrobenthos的组成和多样性获得的数据适合于印度西太平洋和东南亚红树群的一般图案。

Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of the Macrobenthos in a Mangrove Plantation and Two Natural Associations of Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam

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