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Processing and sorting forest residues: Cost, productivity and managerial impacts

机译：加工和分类森林残留物：成本，生产力和管理影响

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Feedstocks generated from processing forest residues have traditionally been considered as a low value product The economic potential of these materials can be enhanced by emerging biomass conversion technologies, such as torrefaction, briquetting, and gasification; however, these systems require higher quality feedstock. The objective of this study was to determine the cost of processing and sorting forest residues to produce feedstock, so that the best comminution machines (i.e. chipper vs. grinder) could be used to better control feedstock size distribution. The tree tops left from sawlog processing and small-diameter trees were delimbed and separated from the slash pile. Three harvest units were selected and each unit was divided into three sub-treatment units (no-, moderate, and intensive sorting). Results showed that the cost of operations were higher for the sorted sub-units when compared to the non-sorted. The total cost of operation (felling to loading) for sawlogs was lowest at 40.81 $ m~(-3) in the nosorting treatment unit, followed by moderate (42.25 $ m~(-3)) and intensive treatment unit (44.75 $ m~(3)). For biomass harvesting, the cost of operation (felling to delimbing and sorting) ranged from 27 to 29 $ oven dry metric ton~(-1). The most expensive operational phase was primary transportation; therefore, cost of treating the forest residues had less impact on the overall cost. The cost increase (1150 $ ha~(-1)) of sorting forest residues could offset cost savings from avoided site preparation expenses (1100 $ ha~(-1)), provided that the forest residues were utilized.
机译：传统上，从加工森林残余物中产生的原料被认为是低价值产品。这些材料的经济潜力可以通过新兴的生物质转化技术（例如焙干，压块和气化）来增强。但是，这些系统需要更高质量的原料。这项研究的目的是确定加工和分类森林残渣以生产原料的成本，以便可以使用最好的粉碎机（即削片机对粉碎机）更好地控制原料的尺寸分布。将锯木加工和小直径树木留下的树梢倾斜，并与砍伐桩分开。选择了三个收获单元，每个单元又分为三个子处理单元（无，中等和密集分类）。结果表明，与未分类的子单元相比，分类的子单元的运营成本更高。锯木的总操作成本（降低为装载）在分类处理单元中最低，为40.81 $ m〜（-3），其次是中度（42.25 $ m〜（-3））和深层处理单元（44.75 $ m 〜（3））。对于生物质收获而言，操作成本（降低到爬升和分类）的成本为27到29美元烘箱干燥公吨〜（-1）。最昂贵的运营阶段是初级运输。因此，处理森林残留物的成本对总成本的影响较小。如果对森林残渣进行分类，分类森林残渣的成本增加（1150 $ ha〜（-1））可以抵消节省的场地准备费用（1100 $ ha〜（-1））所节省的成本。

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