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首页> 外文期刊>Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering >Laccases for biorefinery applications: a critical review on challenges and perspectives
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Laccases for biorefinery applications: a critical review on challenges and perspectives

机译：用于生物炼制的漆酶：对挑战和观点的批判性评论

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摘要

Modern biorefinery concepts focus on lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for the production of next generation biofuels and platform chemicals. Lignocellulose is a recalcitrant composite consisting of several tightly packed components which are stuck together by the phenolic polymer lignin hampering the access to the carbohydrate compounds of biomass. Certain saprophytic organisms are able to degrade lignin by the use of an enzymatic cocktail. Laccases have been found to play a major role during lignin degradation and have therefore been intensively researched with regard to potential applications for biomass processing. Within this review, we go along the process chain of a third generation biorefinery and highlight the process steps which could benefit from laccase applications. Laccases can assist the pretreatment of biomass and promote the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by the oxidative modification of residual lignin on the biomass surface. In combination with mediator molecules laccases are often reported being able to catalyze the depolymerization of lignin. Studies with lignin model compounds confirm the chemical possibility of a laccase-catalyzed cleavage of lignin bonds, but the strong polymerization activity of laccase counters the decomposition of lignin by repolymerizing the degradation products. Therefore, it is a key challenge to shift the catalytic performance of laccase towards lignin cleavage by optimizing the process conditions. Another field of application for laccases is the detoxification of biomass hydrolyzates by the oxidative elimination of lignin-derived phenolics which inhibit hydrolytic enzymes and are toxic for fermentation organisms. This review critically discusses the potential applications for laccases in biorefinery processes and emphasizes the challenges and perspectives which go along with the use of this enzyme for the technical utilization of lignocellulose.
机译：现代生物炼油厂的概念集中于木质纤维素生物质，作为生产下一代生物燃料和平台化学品的原料。木质纤维素是一种顽固的复合物，由几种紧密包装的成分组成，这些成分通过酚醛聚合物木质素粘合在一起，从而阻碍了生物质碳水化合物化合物的获取。某些腐生生物能够通过使用酶混合物来降解木质素。已经发现漆酶在木质素降解过程中起主要作用，因此就生物质加工的潜在应用进行了深入研究。在这次审查中，我们沿着第三代生物精炼厂的工艺链进行了探讨，并重点介绍了可从漆酶应用中受益的工艺步骤。漆酶可以通过对生物质表面残留的木质素进行氧化修饰来辅助生物质的预处理并促进纤维素的后续酶促水解。经常报道漆酶与介体分子结合能够催化木质素的解聚。对木质素模型化合物的研究证实了漆酶催化的木质素键裂解的化学可能性，但是漆酶的强大聚合活性通过重新聚合降解产物来抵消木质素的分解。因此，通过优化工艺条件将漆酶的催化性能转向木质素裂解是一个关键的挑战。漆酶的另一个应用领域是通过氧化消除木质素衍生的酚类物质对生物质水解产物进行解毒，木质素衍生的酚类物质抑制水解酶，对发酵生物有毒。这篇评论批判性地讨论了漆酶在生物精炼过程中的潜在应用，并强调了使用这种酶进行木质纤维素技术利用所带来的挑战和前景。

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