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Increasing Wildfire in Alaska's Boreal Forest: Pathways to Potential Solutions of a Wicked Problem

机译:阿拉斯加北部森林的野火增加:潜在问题解决方案的途径

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摘要

Recent global environmental and social changes have created a set of “wicked problems” for which there are no optimal solutions. In this article, we illustrate the wicked nature of such problems by describing the effects of global warming on the wildfire regime and indigenous communities in Alaska, and we suggest an approach for minimizing negative impacts and maximizing positive outcomes. Warming has led to an increase in the areal extent of wildfire in Alaska, which increases fire risk to rural indigenous communities and reduces short-term subsistence opportunities. Continuing the current fire suppression policy would minimize these negative impacts, but it would also create secondary problems near communities associated with fuel buildup and contribute to a continuing decline in subsistence opportunities. Collaborations between communities and agencies to harvest flammable fuels for heating and electrical power generation near communities, and to use wildland fire for habitat enhancement in surrounding forests, could reduce community vulnerability to both the direct and the indirect effects of global climate change.
机译:最近的全球环境和社会变化创造了一系列“邪恶的问题”,这些问题没有最佳的解决方案。在本文中,我们通过描述全球变暖对阿拉斯加野火政权和土著社区的影响来说明此类问题的邪恶性质,并提出了一种使负面影响最小化和最大化积极成果的方法。变暖导致阿拉斯加的野火面积增加,这增加了农村土著社区的火灾风险,并减少了短期生存机会。继续执行现行的灭火政策将最大限度地减少这些负面影响,但也会在与燃料堆积有关的社区附近造成次要问题,并导致生存机会的持续减少。社区和机构之间的合作,以收集可燃燃料用于社区附近的供热和发电,并利用野火来改善周围森林的栖息地,可以减少社区对全球气候变化的直接和间接影响的脆弱性。

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  • 来源
    《BioScience》 |2008年第6期|p.531-540|共10页
  • 作者单位

    At the University of Alaska Fairbanks, F. Stuart Chapin III (e-mail: terry.chapin@uaf.edu) is with the Institute of Arctic Biology, Sarah F. Trainor is with the Alaska Center for Climate Assessment and Policy, Amy L. Lovecraft is with the Department of Political Science, A. David McGuire is with the US Geological Survey's Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Nancy Fresco is with the Scenarios Network for Alaska Planning in the School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Science, T. Scott Rupp is with the Department of Forest Science, and La'ona DeWilde is with the Resilience and Adaptation Program.Orville Huntington is with the Alaska Native Science Commission and the Huslia Tribal Council.Erika Zavaleta and Joanna L. Nelson are with the Environmental Studies Department at the University of California–Santa Cruz.David C. Natcher is with the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada.Lily Ray is with the Department of Geography at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts;

    she is also associated with the Resilience and Adaptation Program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.Monika Calef is with the Department of Geography and Planning at the State University of New York in Albany.Henry Huntington is with Huntington Consulting in Eagle River, Arkansas.Rosamond L. Naylor is with the Woods Institute for the Environment and the Freeman-Spogli Institute of International Studies at Stanford University in California.;

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