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When performance and risk taking are related: Working for rewards is related to risk taking when the value of rewards is presented briefly

机译：当绩效和冒险精神相关时：简要介绍奖励价值时，为奖励工作与冒险精神相关

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摘要

Valuable monetary rewards can boost human performance on various effortful tasks even when the value of the rewards is presented too briefly to allow for strategic decision making. However, the mechanism by which briefly-presented reward information influences performance has remained unclear. One possibility is that performance after briefly-presented reward information is primarily boosted via activation of the dopamine reward system, whereas performance after very visible reward information is driven more by strategic processes. To examine this hypothesis, we first presented participants with a task in which they could earn rewards of relatively low (1 cent) or high (10 cents) value, and the value information was presented either briefly (17 ms) or for an extended duration (300 ms). Furthermore, responsiveness of the dopamine system was indirectly estimated with a measure of risk taking, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Results showed that performance after high- compared to low-value rewards was indeed related to the BART scores only when reward information was presented briefly. These results are suggestive of the possibility that brief presentation of reward information boosts performance directly via activating the dopamine system, whereas extended presentation of reward information leads to more strategic reward-driven behavior. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：有价值的金钱奖励可以提高人类在各种艰巨任务上的绩效，即使奖励的价值过于简短而无法进行战略决策也是如此。但是，简短介绍奖励信息影响绩效的机制仍不清楚。一种可能是，短暂展示奖励信息后的绩效主要是通过激活多巴胺奖励系统来提高的，而在非常明显的奖励信息后的绩效则更多地由战略流程驱动。为了检验这个假设，我们首先向参与者提出一项任务，使他们可以赚取相对较低（1美分）或较高（10美分）价值的奖励，并且价值信息被短暂显示（17毫秒）或延长显示时间（300毫秒）。此外，多巴胺系统的反应性通过一种风险承担措施-气球模拟风险任务（BART）间接估算。结果表明，仅在简短介绍奖励信息时，高价值奖励与低价值奖励相比的表现确实与BART分数相关。这些结果表明，短暂地提供奖励信息可通过激活多巴胺系统直接提高绩效，而扩展提供奖励信息可导致更具战略意义的奖励驱动行为。 （C）2015 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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