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Task-load manipulation in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test: An alternative measure of information processing speed

机译：符号数字模态测试中的任务负载操纵：信息处理速度的另一种度量

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Objective: To evaluate the utility of an oral fMRI-adapted version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to assess information processing speed (IPS) using three different interstimulus intervals (ISI). Methods: Nineteen right-handed healthy controls performed the adapted version of the SDMT, consisting of a block design that had a total of 6 control/activation block pairs with 3 different ISIs (1.5, 2 and 2.5 s) presented in two different runs: in ascending and descending orders. The brain activation patterns during different ISIs were assessed by effective functional connectivity analysis based on independent component analysis.Results: As expected, all conditions yielded activations in the fronto-parietal networks (FPNs) related to attention processes. Shorter ISIs (1.5 and 2 s) not only yielded greater patterns of connectivity within fronto-parietal and occipital regions such as the FPN and fronto-occipital network (FON), but also recruited more functional networks overall. Task performance at the shortest ISI was negatively correlated with connectivity at the FPN and activity of the pre-supplementary motor area extending to the cin-gulate gyrus.Conclusion: Increasing IPS demands due to shorter ISIs resulted in an increased level and number of functional networks required, increased connectivity within the FPN and FON, and enhancement of the pre-frontal cortex. IPS does not arise from activity of a single b area but from affective information transfer among distant cortical regions of the frontal and parietal cortices. This adapted version of the SDMT may be useful for studying alterations of IPS in clinical and nonclinical populations.
机译：目的：通过三种不同的刺激间隔（ISI），评估适应口腔功能磁共振成像的版本的符号数字模态测试（SDMT）评估信息处理速度（IPS）的实用性。方法：十九个右撇子健康对照者执行了SDMT的改编版，其中包括一个模块设计，该模块设计总共有6个对照/激活模块对，并以两种不同的方式显示3种不同的ISI（1.5、2和2.5 s）：以升序和降序排列。通过基于独立成分分析的有效功能连接性分析，评估了不同ISI期间的大脑激活模式。结果：正如所料，所有条件都在与注意过程相关的额顶网络（FPN）中产生了激活。较短的ISI（1.5和2 s）不仅在诸如FPN和额枕网络（FON）的额顶和枕骨区域内产生了更大的连通性模式，而且总体上也招募了更多的功能性网络。 ISI最短时的任务绩效与FPN的连通性以及辅助前运动区域延伸至cin-gulate gyrus呈负相关。结论：由于ISI较短而导致IPS需求增加，导致功能网络的水平和数量增加需要增加FPN和FON内的连通性，并增强额前皮层。 IPS不是由单个b区域的活动引起的，而是由额叶和顶叶皮质的较远皮质区域之间的情感信息传递引起的。 SDMT的这种改编版本对于研究临床和非临床人群中IPS的改变可能有用。

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