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首页> 外文期刊>Brain and cognition >fMRI of parents of children with Asperger Syndrome: A pilot study
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fMRI of parents of children with Asperger Syndrome: A pilot study

机译：阿斯伯格综合症患儿父母的功能磁共振成像：一项初步研究

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Background: People with autism or Asperger Syndrome (AS) show altered patterns of brain activity during visual search and emotion recognition tasks. Autism and AS are genetic conditions and parents may show the 'broader autism phenotype.' Aims: (1) To test if parents of children with AS show atypical brain activity during a visual search and an empathy task; (2) to test for sex differences during these tasks at the neural level; (3) to test if parents of children with autism are hyper-masculinized, as might be predicted by the 'extreme male brain' theory. Method: We used fMRI during a visual search task (the Embedded Figures Test (EFT)) and an emotion recognition test (the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' (or Eyes) test). Sample: Twelve parents of children with AS, vs. 12 sex-matched controls. Design: Factorial analysis was used to map main effects of sex, group (parents vs. controls), and sex x group interaction on brain function. An ordinal ANOVA also tested for regions of brain activity where females > males > fathers = mothers, to test for parental hyper-masculinization. Results on EFT task: Female controls showed more activity in extrastriate cortex than male controls, and both mothers and fathers showed even less activity in this area than sex-matched controls. There were no differences in group activation between mothers and fathers of children with AS. The ordinal ANOVA identified two specific regions in visual cortex (right and left, respectively) that showed the pattern Females > Males > Fathers = Mothers, both in BA 19. Results on Eyes task: Male controls showed more activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus than female controls, and both mothers and fathers showed even more activity in this area compared to sex-matched controls. Female controls showed greater bilateral inferior frontal activation than males. This was not seen when comparing mothers to males, or mothers to fathers. The ordinal ANOVA identified two specific regions that showed the pattern Females > Males > Mothers = Fathers: left medial temporal gyrus (BA 21) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 44). Conclusions: Parents of children with AS show atypical brain function during both visual search and emotion recognition, in the direction of hyper-masculinization of the brain. Because of the small sample size, and lack of age-matching between parents and controls, such results constitute a pilot study that needs replicating with larger samples.
机译：背景：患有自闭症或阿斯伯格综合症（AS）的人在视觉搜索和情感识别任务期间显示出大脑活动的变化模式。自闭症和AS是遗传疾病，父母可能会显示“更广泛的自闭症表型”。目的：（1）测试有视觉障碍的儿童的父母在视觉搜索和移情任务中是否表现出非典型的大脑活动； （2）在神经层面上测试这些任务期间的性别差异； （3）测试自闭症儿童的父母是否过度男性化，这可能是“极端男性大脑”理论所预测的。方法：我们在视觉搜索任务（嵌入式图形测试（EFT））和情感识别测试（“眼神读取”（或眼睛）测试）中使用了功能磁共振成像。样本：AS儿童的十二个父母与12个性别匹配的对照相比。设计：因子分析用于绘制性别，群体（父母与对照组）以及性别x群体互动对脑功能的主要影响。序贯方差分析还测试了女性>男性>父亲=母亲的大脑活动区域，以测试父母的过度男性化。 EFT任务的结果：女性对照在外皮层中的活动比男性对照多，而父亲和母亲在该区域的活动均比性别匹配的对照少。 AS儿童的父母之间的群体激活没有差异。顺序ANOVA在BA 19中识别了视觉皮层中的两个特定区域（分别为右侧和左侧），分别显示出女性>男性>父亲=母亲的模式。眼睛结果任务：男性对照在左下额回中的活动更多与女性对照相比，与性别对照相比，父亲和母亲在这方面的活动都更多。女性对照显示比男性更大的双侧下额叶激活。将母亲与男性进行比较，或将母亲与父亲进行比较时，则看不到这一点。顺序方差分析确定了两个特定区域，显示出女性>男性>母亲=父亲的模式：左颞内侧回（BA 21）和左后外侧前额叶皮层（BA 44）。结论：AS儿童的父母在视觉搜索和情感识别方面均表现出非典型的脑功能，朝着大脑的超男性化方向发展。由于样本量小，并且父母与对照之间缺乏年龄匹配，因此这些结果构成了一项需要大量样本复制的试点研究。

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