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Demythologizing the emotions: Adaptation, cognition, and visceral representations of emotion in the nervous system

机译：去除情感的神话化：神经系统中情感的适应，认知和内脏表征

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This article highlights four issues about the neurobiology of emotions: adaptation vs. dysfunction, peripheral and central representations of emotion, the regulation of the internal milieu, and whether emotions are cognitive. It is argued that the emotions evolved to play diverse adaptive roles and are biologically vital sources of information processing. They were not designed as pieces of pathology, though they certainly can underlie some psychophathologies. Emotions are, in part, appraisal systems that are operative at numerous level of the nervous system from the brainstem to the cortex. Like other information processing systems they are not perfect cognitive systems. Emotional systems often utilize somatic and visceral information for appraisals of events to facilitate decisions of whether to approach or avoid objects. The neural systems of emotions traverse the entire neural axis and are linked to the regulation of the internal milieu. Thus, in addition to the experiential aspects of emotions, emotions embody appraisal systems that are pervasive to all levels of the brain to facilitate function, adaptation, and survival.
机译：本文重点介绍了有关情绪神经生物学的四个问题：适应与功能障碍，情绪的外围和中枢表征，内部环境的调节以及情绪是否为认知能力。有人认为，情绪演变成具有多种适应性作用，并且是信息处理的生物学重要来源。尽管它们确实可以作为某些心理语言学的基础，但它们并不是作为病理学设计的。情绪在某种程度上是一种评估系统，可在从脑干到大脑皮层的神经系统的各个层次上运行。像其他信息处理系统一样，它们也不是完美的认知系统。情绪系统通常利用躯体和内脏信息来评估事件，以帮助决定是否接近或避开物体。情绪的神经系统遍历整个神经轴，并与内部环境的调节联系在一起。因此，除了情感的体验方面，情感还体现了评估系统，该评估系统遍及大脑的各个层次，以促进功能，适应和生存。

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