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A longitudinal study of summertime occupant behaviour and thermal comfort in office buildings in northern China

机译：中国北方写字楼夏季乘员行为和热舒适度的纵向研究

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The adaptive behaviour and thermal responses of building occupants can be responsible for significant uncertainties when comparing monitored and modelled building energy performance. A better understanding of the interaction of occupants and their buildings is necessary for managing this uncertainty and reducing discrepancies between predicted and actual energy use (commonly known as `the performance gap'). This paper presents the results from a longitudinal study during a summer season of ten mixed-mode offices located in Harbin, a city in northern China, which experiences severe winters and warm summers. The study collected data from on-line daily surveys, field measurements of the local environment, occupants' experiences and adaptive control behaviours. Occupant-building interactions were analysed through observing adaptive behaviour, perceived thermal sensations in the physical environment, architectural geometric variables and personnel characteristics. The driving mechanisms for behaviours and feelings were also studied. The results showed a high probability of window opening for both day and night, and a high frequency of the use of a mix of cooling options, including fans and air conditioning, accompanied by natural ventilation in the summer season. The active interaction of the offices' internal environments with the outdoor environment motivated more connections of occupant thermal feelings with the outdoor physical variables. Relative humidity levels were potential key predictors for window opening, and the geometric parameters of offices, occupants' fan use and perceived thermal feelings also showed a level of predictive ability. Evaluating the nature of occupant feelings and behaviours interactions may inform and improve results from building performance-based design.
机译：当比较监测和建模的建筑能源绩效时，建筑居民的适应行为和热响应可能会造成重大不确定性。为了解决这种不确定性并减少预期能源消耗与实际能源使用之间的差异（通常称为“性能差距”），必须更好地了解居住者及其建筑物之间的相互作用。本文介绍了在夏季对位于中国北方城市哈尔滨的十个混合模式办公室进行纵向研究的结果，该办公室经历了严冬和炎热的夏天。该研究从在线每日调查，对当地环境的现场测量，乘员的经历和适应性控制行为中收集数据。通过观察适应性行为，在物理环境中感知到的热感，建筑几何变量和人员特征来分析居住者与建筑物之间的相互作用。还研究了行为和情感的驱动机制。结果表明，白天和晚上都有很高的概率打开窗户，并且在夏季频繁使用多种冷却方式，包括风扇和空调，并伴有自然通风。办公室内部环境与室外环境的积极互动，促使人们将居住者的热感与室外物理变量联系起来。相对湿度水平是可能打开窗户的关键指标，办公室的几何参数，乘员的风扇使用情况和感知到的热感也显示出一定的预测能力。评估乘员感觉和行为互动的性质可以为基于性能的设计提供信息并改善结果。

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