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Three-dimensional virtual reality-based subjective evaluation of road traffic noise heard in urban high-rise residential buildings

机译：基于三维虚拟现实的城市高层住宅建筑道路交通噪声主观评价

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摘要

In this study, a new noise evaluation method is proposed in which virtual reality (VR) technology in the form of a head-related transfer function (HRTF) and a head-mounted display (HMD) is applied to assess the noise experienced inside residential buildings. Firstly, the sound pressure level and frequency characteristics of road traffic noise recorded in a living room were identified before and after applying the HRTF. Secondly, the subjective response was evaluated in terms of loudness, annoyance, disturbance, and allowance for road traffic noise levels L-Aeq of 40-65 dB in four different test environments, namely, without the HRTF or HMD, with the HRTF, with the HMD, and with both the HRTF and HMD. The impacts of the directional information provided by the HRTF and the visual information provided by the HMD were 77% and 23%, respectively. Furthermore, based on an evaluation of the source- and environment-related spatial attributes, the recognition of road traffic noise was the highest with the HRTF, and the recognition of space was the highest with the HMD. When both the HRTF and HMD were applied, the influence of sound externalization in the VR environment increased along with the sense of immersion and realism. Moreover, the recognition of the noise direction and noise width played a significant role in the psycho-acoustic impact, including the annoyance level of the road traffic noise. The findings of this study provide new insights on the influence of external noise on indoor environments.
机译：在这项研究中，提出了一种新的噪声评估方法，其中采用了与头部相关的传递函数（HRTF）和头戴式显示器（HMD）形式的虚拟现实（VR）技术来评估住宅内部经历的噪声建筑物。首先，在应用HRTF之前和之后，确定在客厅记录的道路交通噪声的声压级和频率特性。其次，在响度，烦恼，干扰和道路交通噪声水平L-Aeq为40-65 dB的情况下，在四种不同的测试环境中（即，没有HRTF或HMD，有HRTF，有HMD，以及HRTF和HMD。 HRTF提供的方向信息和HMD提供的视觉信息的影响分别为77％和23％。此外，基于对与源和环境有关的空间属性的评估，HRTF对道路交通噪声的识别最高，而HMD对空间的识别最高。当同时应用HRTF和HMD时，VR环境中声音外在化的影响随着沉浸感和真实感而增加。此外，噪声方向和噪声宽度的识别在心理声学影响中起着重要作用，包括道路交通噪声的烦扰程度。这项研究的发现为外部噪声对室内环境的影响提供了新的见解。

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