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The evapotranspiration process in green roofs: A review

机译：绿色屋顶的蒸散过程：综述

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摘要

Previous research has shown that most of the green roof benefits are related to the cooling effect. In the literature available, however, it is still not clear how and how much the evapotranspiration affects the performance of a green roof. In order to fill the gap in this research topic, this study carries out a review on the cooling effect due to the evapotranspiration process of green roofs. First of all, an overview of the evapotranspiration phenomenon in green roofs, as well as the equipment and methods used for its measurement are presented. Then, the main experimental results available in literature, the physical-mathematical models and the dynamic simulation software used for the evaluation of the latent heat flux are also analysed and discussed among the available literature. Moreover, this review proposes a classification of the results carried out by previous studies as function of the main parameters affecting the evapotranspiration process (e.g. volumetric water content, stomatal resistance, Leaf Area Index, solar radiation, wind velocity, relative humidity, soil thickness, and substrate composition). Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the results obtained from the literature allowed underlining the correlation among the main factors affecting the evapotranspiration. Finally, a vision of the world area where green roof studies were performed is provided. From the results, it is possible to emphasize that most of the studies that evaluated the evapotranspiration used high precision load cells. Furthermore, all the heat transfer models of green roofs considered in this review took into account the latent heat flux due to evaporation of water from the substrate and plants transpiration, however, only few of them were experimentally validated.
机译：先前的研究表明，大多数屋顶绿化的好处都与冷却效果有关。然而，在现有文献中，仍不清楚蒸散量如何以及在多大程度上影响了绿色屋顶的性能。为了填补该研究课题中的空白，本研究对由于绿色屋顶的蒸散过程引起的降温效果进行了综述。首先，概述了绿色屋顶的蒸散现象，以及用于测量其的设备和方法。然后，对现有的主要实验结果，用于潜热通量评估的物理数学模型和动态模拟软件也进行了分析和讨论。此外，本文还根据以往的研究结果，对影响蒸散过程的主要参数（例如，体积水含量，气孔阻力，叶面积指数，太阳辐射，风速，相对湿度，土壤厚度，和底物组成）。此外，对从文献中获得的结果进行敏感性分析后，可以强调影响蒸散量的主要因素之间的相关性。最后，提供了进行屋顶绿化研究的世界视野。从结果可以强调的是，大多数评估蒸散量的研究都使用了高精度的称重传感器。此外，本文中考虑的所有绿色屋顶传热模型都考虑了由于水分从基质蒸发和植物蒸腾而产生的潜热通量，但是，只有少数经过实验验证。

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