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The effect of the ventilation retrofit in a school on CO_2, airborne particles, and energy consumptions

机译：通风改造在CO_2，空中粒子和能量消耗学校的影响

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The energy retrofit of existing buildings is a key strategy to reduce the energy costs of the building sector. Amongst the retrofit solutions, the adoption of mechanical ventilation systems represents a necessary approach for buildings with high crowding index, such as schools.The air quality in schools is a main issue since children spend a significant fraction of the year in such microenvironments. To date, the scientific literature has carried out several studies concerning the air quality in naturally ventilated schools worldwide, nonetheless most of the studies performed a general evaluation of the air quality just using the CO2 as a comprehensive indicator. This is an oversimplified approach since the indoor air quality is affected by several pollutants, including airborne particles, whose behavior cannot be predicted by the CO2 one.The aim of the research is the evaluation of the effect of the ventilation retrofit in a classroom on different indoor air quality parameters and energy consumption. To this end a mechanical ventilation system with a heat recovery unit was installed in a test-classroom and tests with CO2-based demand controlled ventilation were performed. CO2 levels and indoor-to-outdoor particle concentrations were measured and compared to the pre-retrofit ventilation conditions (i.e. manual airing procedures).Results showed that mechanical ventilation systems have simultaneous positive effects on the different pollutants investigated as well as on ventilation heat losses: indeed, lower indoor-to-outdoor concentration ratios, with respect to the airing approach, were detected simultaneously for CO2, sub-micron particles and PM10.
机译：现有建筑的能源改造是降低建筑业能源成本的关键策略。在改造解决方案中，机械通风系统的采用代表了具有高拥挤指数的建筑物的必要方法，如学校。学校的空气质量是一个主要问题，因为孩子在这种微环境中花了一年的一年。迄今为止，科学文献已经开展了一些关于全世界自然通风学校空气质量的研究，尽管如此，大多数研究均使用二氧化碳作为综合指标对空气质量进行了一般性评价。这是一种过度简化的方法，因为室内空气质量受几种污染物的影响，包括空中粒子，其行为不能通过二氧化碳预测。研究的目的是评估通风改造在不同的教室中的效果室内空气质量参数和能耗。为此，在测试课堂上安装了具有热回收单元的机械通风系统，并进行了基于CO2的需求控制通气的测试。测量CO 2水平和室内到室内颗粒浓度，并与预新的通风条件（即手动播出程序）进行比较。结果表明，机械通风系统对研究的不同污染物以及通风热损失具有同时发生的积极作用：实际上，对于CO 2，亚微米颗粒和PM10，同时检测到播出方法的室内到室内浓度比较低。

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