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Strategic environmental urban planning - A contextual approach for defining performance goals and informing decision-making

机译：战略环境城市规划 - 一种界定绩效目标和信息决策的语境方法

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摘要

Environmental performance objectives in terms of energy consumption and carbon emission targets can be found in various building norms and certifications schemes. These targets are often dependent upon the building program (e.g. office), but independent from its context; the same value is imposed for two buildings of the same program regardless of other possibly influential characteristics (e.g. solar exposure). Such targets serve as references against which a project's performance is measured following its description and assessment using an evaluation tool. In this paper, we question the suitability of this procedure within the context of urban planning by asking: should a district-level performance objective be allocated in a `uniform' manner or through a `contextual' approach, capable of capturing specificities throughout the site and allowing compensation between areas? To address this question, a novel method is proposed to distribute a site-level target differently between lots presenting distinct conditions over the site, through a combined top-down and bottom-up approach. The method relies on the exploration of databases of lot-specific scenarios, generated by varying design parameters that have not yet been fixed at the planning stage, such as building shape and construction materials. Applied on a case-study district in Switzerland, the contextual method results in differentiated lot-specific targets that are up to 11% away from the uniform targets. Although apparently small, these shifts can increase the feasibility of reaching the site-level target by up to 30%. Such information can guide the design team towards defining a coherent environmental strategy and making informed decisions.
机译：在各种建筑规范和认证方案中可以找到能耗和碳排放目标方面的环境绩效目标。这些目标通常依赖于建筑计划（例如Office），而是独立于其背景;无论其他可能有影响力的特征如何，对同一计划的两个建筑物施加了相同的值（例如，太阳能暴露）。这种目标作为参考参考，以便使用评估工具在其描述和评估后测量项目的性能。在本文中，我们质疑该程序在城市规划的背景下提出问题：如果区域级绩效目标应该以“统一”的方式或通过“语境”方法分配，能够捕获整个网站的特殊性并允许区之间的补偿？为了解决这个问题，提出了一种新的方法，以通过组合的自上而下和自下而上的方法在网站上呈现不同条件的批次之间的不同方式分发站点级目标。该方法依赖于通过在规划阶段尚未固定的不同设计参数，例如建筑物形状和建筑材料的不同设计参数产生的探索。在瑞士的案例研究区申请，上下文方法导致差异化的批次特异性目标，远离均匀目标高达11％。虽然显然很小，但这些班次可以提高达到现场级别目标的可行性高达30％。此类信息可以指导设计团队定义一致的环境战略并做出明智的决策。

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  • 来源
    《Building and Environment》 |2020年第1期|106448.1-106448.13|共13页
  • 作者

    Nault Emilie; Jusselme Thomas; Aguacil Sergi; Andersen Marilyne;

  • 作者单位

    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Building2050 Res Grp Passage Cardinal 13B CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland;

    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Building2050 Res Grp Passage Cardinal 13B CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland;

    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Building2050 Res Grp Passage Cardinal 13B CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland;

    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Building2050 Res Grp Passage Cardinal 13B CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland|Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Lab Integrated Performance Design LIPID Sch Architecture Civil & Environm Engn ENAC Route Cantonale CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Environmental impact targets; Life cycle assessment; Design decisions; Urban planning; New districts;

    机译：环境影响目标;生命周期评估;设计决策;城市规划;新区;

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