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Hygrothermal characterization and modeling of cross-laminated timber in the building envelope

机译：建筑信封中交叉层压木材的湿热表征及建模

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a type of mass timber panel used in floor, wall, and roof assemblies. An important consideration in design and construction of timber buildings is moisture durability. This study characterized the hygrothermal performance of CLT panels with laboratory measurements at multiple scales, field measurements, and modeling. The CLT panels consisted of five layers, four with spruce-pine-fir lumber and one with Douglas-fir lumber. Laboratory characterization involved measurements on small specimens that included material from only one or two layers and large specimens that included all five layers of the CLT panel. Water absorption was measured with panel specimens partially immersed in water, and a new method was developed where panels were exposed to ponded water on the top surface. This configuration gave a higher rate of water uptake than the partial immersion test. The rate of drying was much slower when the wetted surface was covered with an impermeable membrane. Measured hygrothermal properties were implemented in a one-dimensional transient hygrothermal model. Simulation of water uptake indicated that vapor diffusion had a significant contribution in parallel with liquid transport. A simple approximation for liquid transport coefficients, with identical coefficients for suction and redistribution, was adequate for simulating panel-scale wetting and drying. Finally, hygrothermal simulation of a CLT roof assembly that had been monitored in a companion field study showed agreement in most cases within the sensor uncertainty. Although the hygrothermal properties are particular to the wood species and CLT panels investigated here, the modeling approach is broadly applicable.
机译：交叉层压木材（CLT）是一种用于地板，墙壁和屋顶组件的质量木材面板。木材建筑的设计和施工中的一个重要考虑因素是水分耐用性。该研究表征了CLT面板的湿热性能，在多种尺度，现场测量和建模处具有实验室测量。 CLT面板由五层，四个带有云杉 - 松尾木材和一个带道格拉斯 - 冷杉木材的三层。实验室表征涉及在仅包含一个或两层和大型样本的小样本上的测量，包括包括所有五层CLT面板的材料。用部分浸入水中的面板样品测量吸水性，并开发了一种新方法，其中面板暴露于顶表面上的池塘水。这种配置比部分浸没测试产生了更高的水吸收速率。当用不可渗透的膜覆盖湿润的表面时，干燥的速率要慢得多。测量的湿热特性在一维瞬态湿热地模型中实施。水吸收的模拟表明蒸汽扩散与液体运输平行具有显着贡献。液体输送系数的简单近似，具有相同的抽吸系数和再分配，适用于模拟面板垢润湿和干燥。最后，在伴随场研究中被监视的CLT屋顶组件的湿热模拟在传感器不确定性内的大多数情况下显示了一致。尽管在此研究的木材种类和CLT面板中特别是湿热的性质，但建模方法广泛适用。

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