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Evaluation of the effect of landscape distance seen in window views on visual satisfaction

机译：窗口视野景观距离对视觉满意度的评价

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Daylighting standards dictate that the view seen through a window can be evaluated using several criteria. Among one of them is the distance at which the visual content can be seen. However, not enough guidance is given on how this criterion can be applied in practice. We used two approaches to address this problem: online surveys and human subject assessment in a controlled experiment using an artificial window. Images were used in both cases to represent window views. Two independent groups of participants took part in either study and both gave subjective satisfaction ratings to three parameters, namely, connection to the outside, visual content and visual privacy. Eighteen images were evaluated in the online surveys by a total of 91 participants while eight images were rated by 50 participants that took part in the controlled experiment. We developed a calculation method, named the Observer Landscape Distance (OLD), to quantify the distance of the window view landscape from the occupant. Our initial results showed that people are more satisfied when features are far away. However, we also showed that when the landscape contained nature, the effect of distance was smaller. If far away views cannot be provided due to site constrains, nature (e.g. trees) should be integrated nearby to increase satisfaction. Current daylighting standards promote distant views regardless of its visual content (nature or urban). We found that visual content matters and occupants prefer urban features to be viewed from a distance, whereas this same recommendation does not apply for nature.
机译：浅灯标准要求使用窗口看到的视图，可以使用若干标准进行评估。其中一个是可以看到视觉内容的距离。但是，没有足够的指导是如何在实践中应用该标准的。我们使用了两种方法来解决这个问题：使用人造窗口的受控实验中的在线调查和人类主题评估。在这两种情况下都用于表示窗口视图。两个独立的参与者组参加了任何一项研究，并将主观满意度评级为三个参数，即与外部，视觉内容和视觉隐私的连接。在线调查中评估了十八张图像，共有91名参与者，其中八种图像评定了50名参与者，参与了受控实验。我们开发了一种计算方法，命名为观察者横向距离（旧），以量化窗口视图景观与占用者的距离。我们的初步结果表明，当特征远处时，人们更满意。然而，我们还表明，当景观含有性质时，距离的效果较小。如果由于站点限制而无法提供遥远的视图，则应在附近进行大自然（例如树木）以增加满意度。无论其视觉内容（自然或城市）如何，目前的灯火标准促进了遥感视图。我们发现视觉内容很重要，占用者更喜欢从远处观看的城市特征，而同样的建议则不适用于大自然。

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