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Outdoor air supply in winter for large-space airport terminals: Air infiltration vs. mechanical ventilation

机译：冬季室外航空供应，为大型空间机场码头：空气渗透与机械通风

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摘要

Excessive outdoor air supply in winter due to air infiltration is prevailing in large-space airport terminals, leading to high energy consumption for heating, while mechanical ventilation systems rarely operate to supply outdoor air during the heating season. This study applies a simplified model to analyze the strategies to effectively reduce the air infiltration rate and meanwhile fulfill the demand for outdoor air supply in large-space airport terminals during the heating season. The analysis of main influence factors helps to propose practical methods to reduce the air infiltration rate, i.e., adjust bottom openings, adjust upper openings, use radiant floor. The air infiltration rates can be controlled steadily at a low level (0.14-0.23 h(-1)) during the heating season by all the three methods. The designed outdoor air ventilation rate is averagely 0.22 h(-1) in seven airport terminals without a dramatic difference. An analysis of a real airport terminal indicates that its designed outdoor air ventilation rate (0.20 h(-1)) largely exceeds the actual maximal demand (0.13 h(-1)) because of the uneven occupant distributions both in time and space. Therefore, even though the three methods are utilized to decrease the air infiltration rate and its corresponding heating load, the demand for outdoor air in large-space airport terminals can still be fulfilled during the heating season without mechanical ventilation.
机译：大型机场终端，由于空气渗透而导致的冬季过多的室外空气供应，导致加热的高能耗，而机械通风系统很少运营供热季节供应室外空气。本研究适用于简化模型来分析策略，以有效降低空中渗透率，同时满足在加热季节的大型机场码头对室外空气供应的需求。主要影响因素的分析有助于提出降低空气渗透率的实用方法，即调整底部开口，调整上部开口，使用辐射地板。通过所有三种方法在加热季节期间，空气渗透速率可以稳定地控制在低水平（0.14-0.23h（-1））。设计的户外空气通风率在七个机场终端中平均0.22小时（-1），而无巨大差异。对真正的机场终端的分析表明，其设计的室外空气通风率（0.20小时（-1））主要超过实际的最大需求（0.13小时（-1）），因为在时间和空间中的占用分布不均匀。因此，即使三种方法用于降低空气渗透率及其相应的加热负荷，也可以在加热季节期间满足对大型机场终端的户外空气的需求，而不会机械通风。

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