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Impact of ironing on indoor particle levels and composition

机译：熨烫对室内颗粒水平和组成的影响

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Domestic chores are an important part of the household's daily routine and can contribute significantly to personal exposure. In this study, the particulate mass and number concentrations were assessed when using two irons (steam iron and steam iron with boiler) under distinct conditions (minimum ventilation and indoor doors open) and in the background air. The detailed PM10 chemical characterisation included organic and elemental carbon, elements and organic speciation. Particle number emission rates ranged from 8.1 +/- 0.09 x 10(11) to 15 +/- 3.5 x 10(11) particles min(-1). Ratios of peak to background levels indicate that ironing can elevate the ultrafine particle number concentrations by a factor ranging from 35 to 194. PM10 emission rates from steam iron, under minimum ventilation conditions (6.6 +/- 1.4 mu g s(-1)), were higher than those from steam iron with the doors open (1.9 +/- 1.6 mu g s(-1)). The highest particle number and mass emission rates were recorded when the steam iron with boiler was used. Regarding the chemical composition of particles, elemental carbon and strontium were only detected during ironing. Bromide concentrations increased noticeably over background levels (9-51 times) during ironing. PM10 samples encompassed a wide range of organic compounds, part of which can be attributed to the handling of textiles and the use of detergents, fabric softeners, cosmetics and personal care products. Substances emitted by volatilisation or shedding of textile fibres, or due to handling, can contribute to human exposure through inhalation. The cancer risks associated with inhalation of metals and PAH were found to be negligible.
机译：国内琐事是家庭日常生活的重要组成部分，可以对个人风险作出重大贡献。在该研究中，在不同条件下使用两个铁杆（蒸汽熨斗和蒸汽熨斗）（最小通风和室内门）和背景空气时，评估颗粒质量和数量浓度。详细的PM10化学表征包括有机和元素碳，元素和有机物质。颗粒数发射率范围为8.1 +/- 0.09×10（11）至15 +/- 3.5×10（11）颗粒min（-1）。峰与背景水平的比例表明，熨烫可以通过35至194的因子升高超细粒子数浓度。在最小通风条件下，蒸汽熨斗的PM10排放率（6.6 +/- 1.4 mu gs（-1）），高于蒸汽熨斗与门打开（1.9 +/-1.6μg（-1））。使用蒸汽熨斗用锅炉使用时，记录了最高粒子数和批量排放率。关于颗粒的化学成分，仅在熨烫期间检测到元素碳和锶。在熨烫期间，溴化物浓度明显增加背景水平（9-51次）。 PM10样品包含各种有机化合物，部分有机化合物可以归因于纺织品的处理和洗涤剂的使用，织物柔软剂，化妆品和个人护理产品。由纺织纤维的挥发或脱落，或者由于处理而发出的物质可以通过吸入有助于人体暴露。发现与吸入金属和PAH相关的癌症风险可忽略不计。

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