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首页> 外文期刊>Building and Environment >Indoor air quality in classrooms: Environmental measures and effective ventilation rate modeling in urban elementary schools
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Indoor air quality in classrooms: Environmental measures and effective ventilation rate modeling in urban elementary schools

机译：教室室内空气质量：城市小学的环境措施和有效通风率模型

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摘要

Associations have been shown between poor classroom indoor air quality (IAQ) and schoolchildren's risk of asthma, increased absenteeism, and impaired performance on standardized tests. Mechanically ventilated classrooms often lack an adequate fresh air supply. There is also concern that outdoor pollutants, particularly vehicle exhaust products, may penetrate classrooms. The purpose of this work was to characterize IAQ in elementary school classrooms and estimate average effective fresh air ventilation rates under cold, mild, and warm season conditions. IAQ measures were made in third-grade classrooms of 12 elementary schools. Particulate matter, CO2, CO, NO2, total VOCs, and formaldehyde concentrations, as well as relative humidity and temperature, were measured for 24-h periods in each season. Effective fresh air ventilation rates were estimated using a transient mass balance modeling approach. The schools measured had generally adequate temperature and humidity control, extremely low non-occupant related pollutants, and little to no incursion of outdoor vehicle-related pollutants. However, there was a lack of adequate fresh air ventilation in many cases. Ventilation adequacy varied within the schools across seasons but with no consistent pattern, perhaps reflecting variations in class size as well as seasonal demands on the HVAC systems and/or HVAC seasonal operating mode. Transient mass balance method effective fresh air ventilation estimates near or above ASHRAE-recommended fresh air ventilation rates for people-related pollutants corresponded well with good CO2 control in the classrooms.
机译：已经显示出教室室内空气质量（IAQ）差与学童患哮喘的风险，缺勤率增加以及标准化考试成绩受损之间存在关联。机械通风的教室通常缺乏足够的新鲜空气供应。人们还担心室外污染物，尤其是汽车尾气可能会渗入教室。这项工作的目的是表征小学教室的室内空气质量，并估计在寒冷，温和和温暖季节条件下的平均有效新鲜空气通风率。 IAQ措施在12所小学的三年级教室中进行。在每个季节的24小时内，测量颗粒物，CO2，CO，NO2，总VOC和甲醛浓度以及相对湿度和温度。使用瞬时质量平衡建模方法估算有效的新鲜空气通风率。被测学校总体上具有适当的温度和湿度控制，极少的非乘员相关污染物，很少或根本没有侵入与户外车辆相关的污染物。但是，在许多情况下，缺乏足够的新鲜空气通风。学校中的通风充足程度随季节而变化，但没有一致的模式，这可能反映出班级规模以及HVAC系统和/或HVAC季节性运行模式的季节性需求的变化。瞬态质量平衡法有效的新鲜空气通风量估计值接近或高于ASHRAE推荐的与人有关的污染物的新鲜空气通风量，与教室中良好的CO2控制相吻合。

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  • 来源
    《Building and Environment》 |2018年第5期|185-197|共13页
  • 作者

    Johnson David L.; Lynch Robert A.; Floyd Evan L.; Wang Jun; Bartels Jacob N.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Oklahoma, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, POB 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 72126 USA;

    Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ, 111 Renai Rd, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, Peoples R China;

    Univ Oklahoma, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, POB 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 72126 USA;

    Univ Oklahoma, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, POB 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 72126 USA;

    Univ Oklahoma, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, POB 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 72126 USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Ventilation; Schools; Indoor air quality; Transient mass balance;

    机译：通风;学校;室内空气质量;瞬时质量平衡;

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