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Selecting design strategies using multi-criteria decision making to improve the sustainability of buildings

机译：使用多准则决策选择设计策略，以提高建筑物的可持续性

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摘要

The building sector is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and energy in the world. Design strategies to improve the energy efficiency can decrease the negative impacts of a building. In order to evaluate and select the most appropriate design strategies for buildings, they should be analysed through a multidisciplinary approach based on sustainable development. The objective of this study is to propose a method that combines adaptive thermal comfort, climate change, life cycle assessment, life cycle cost analysis and multi-criteria decision making to help selecting the best design strategies to improve the sustainability of buildings. The method presented herein is based on a system of indicators that allows a comprehensive evaluation of design strategies. A multi-family social building, located in Milan, northern Italy, was used as a case study considering a 100-year lifespan. Six design strategies were evaluated. The EnergyPlus computer programme was used to estimate the annual energy demand for air-conditioning alone, with and without the design strategies. Three different databases were used to perform the life cycle analysis. For the life cycle cost analysis, the cost of each strategy was estimated based on the pricelist of the Milan Chamber of Commerce (Camera di Commercio di Milano). The results show that there will be an average increase of 53% in the cooling energy demand and a decrease of 49% in the heating energy demand in 2080 compared to the consumption in 2017. The design strategy with the highest level of sustainability was a reinforced concrete frame with rectified bricks, followed by a reinforced concrete frame with cellular concrete blocks and by cross-laminated timber (X-Lam) and wood fibre. This research highlighted the need for the use of a multi-criteria method to ensure the right selection of design strategies to obtain more sustainable buildings.
机译：建筑部门是世界上自然资源和能源的最大消费者之一。提高能源效率的设计策略可以减少建筑物的负面影响。为了评估和选择最合适的建筑设计策略，应通过基于可持续发展的多学科方法对其进行分析。这项研究的目的是提出一种结合了适应性热舒适性，气候变化，生命周期评估，生命周期成本分析和多准则决策的方法，以帮助选择最佳设计策略来提高建筑物的可持续性。本文提出的方法基于一种指标系统，该指标系统允许对设计策略进行全面评估。考虑到100年的使用寿命，位于意大利北部米兰的一栋多户型社会建筑被用作案例研究。评估了六种设计策略。无论采用或不采用设计策略，均使用EnergyPlus计算机程序来估算仅空调的年度能源需求。使用三个不同的数据库进行生命周期分析。对于生命周期成本分析，每种策略的成本都是根据米兰商会（Camera di Commercio di Milano）的价目表估算的。结果表明，与2017年的能耗相比，到2080年，冷能需求平均增加53％，热能需求减少49％。可持续性最高的设计策略得到了加强用整流砖砌成的混凝土框架，然后是带有多孔混凝土块的钢筋混凝土框架，以及交叉层压的木材（X-Lam）和木纤维。这项研究强调了使用多准则方法来确保正确选择设计策略以获得更多可持续建筑的必要性。

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