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首页> 外文期刊>Building and Environment >Embodied energy in residential buildings-towards the nearly zero energy building: A. literature review
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Embodied energy in residential buildings-towards the nearly zero energy building: A. literature review

机译：住宅建筑中的实现能源-接近零能耗建筑：A。文献综述

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This literature review addresses the Life Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA) of residential buildings. As the fluctuation in the choice of functional units, boundaries of the system, life cycle inventory (LCI) methods, metrics and impact indicators complicated the potential comparability, the guidelines of Product Category Rule (PCR) 2014:02 for buildings were applied for the normalization procedure. Even though PCR provided a clear statement of the boundaries and a complete presentation of the results, uncertainty deriving from the LCI methods and the omissions in the system boundaries indicates that further standardization is needed. The sample consisted of 90 LCEA case studies of conventional, passive, low energy and nearly zero energy residential buildings (nZEB). Additional analysis identified an underestimation between case studies that use process instead of hybrid analysis, as the average value of embodied energy in hybrid analysis appears to be 3.92 times higher than in process analysis case studies. The highest value of embodied energy for an nZEB case study quantified with process analysis appears to be lower than all the input-output hybrid case studies. A revised definition, according to current trends and requirements in energy efficiency regulations, was also provided as an update of their consistency in time. Operating energy appeared to dominate in life cycle energy of residential buildings in the past. The results of this review show an increasing share of embodied energy in the transaction from conventional to passive, low energy and nZEB, despite the reduction in the total life cycle energy that could reach up to 50%. The share of embodied energy dominates, mainly in low energy and nearly zero energy buildings, with a share of 26%-57% and 74%-100% respectively. In passive buildings, the share of embodied energy varies within a range between 11% and 33% that reaches the embodied energy limits of both a conventional and a low energy building. The use of renewable energy sources (RES) in a passive house, for the production of electricity, classifies it in the range of embodied energy of an nZEB. A significant gap of 17% in the share of embodied energy, between the nearly zero and the most energy efficient building examined in the current review, is identified. This difference appears to be more important for the conventional and passive buildings, indicating the relative significance of embodied energy through time and towards the nZEB. Furthermore, if uncertainty and the underestimation of embodied energy deriving by process analysis were considered this gap could be different. The increase of embodied energy in buildings, indicates that a whole life cycle energy analysis may be needed in the methodological framework of current energy efficiency regulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：本文回顾了住宅建筑的生命周期能量分析（LCEA）。由于功能单元，系统边界，生命周期清单（LCI）方法，指标和影响指标的选择方面的波动使潜在的可比性变得复杂，因此针对建筑物应用了产品类别规则（PCR）2014：02指南标准化程序。尽管PCR提供了清晰的边界说明和结果的完整描述，但LCI方法的不确定性以及系统边界的遗漏表明仍需要进一步的标准化。该样本由90个LCEA案例研究组成，这些案例研究了常规，被动，低能耗和近零能耗的住宅建筑（nZEB）。另外的分析表明，在使用过程而非混合分析的案例研究之间存在低估，因为混合分析中包含的能量平均值似乎比过程分析案例研究高3.92倍。对于使用过程分析进行量化的nZEB案例研究，体现能量的最高价值似乎低于所有投入产出混合案例研究。根据当前趋势和能效法规的要求，还提供了修订的定义，作为其时间一致性的更新。在过去，住宅建筑的生命周期能量似乎占主导地位。这次审查的结果表明，尽管总生命周期的能源减少了多达50％，但从常规能源到被动能源，低能耗能源和nZEB的交易中所体现的能源份额不断增加。体现能源的份额占主导地位，主要在低能耗和近乎零能耗的建筑中，分别占26％-57％和74％-100％。在无源建筑中，体现能量的份额在11％到33％之间的范围内变化，达到常规建筑和低能耗建筑的体现能量极限。在被动式房屋中使用可再生能源（RES）进行发电，将其归类为nZEB的具体能源范围。在本次审查中，在几乎零能耗和最节能的建筑物之间，发现体现的能源份额存在17％的显着差距。对于常规建筑和被动式建筑而言，这种差异似乎更为重要，这表明了随着时间的流逝，朝着nZEB体现能量的相对重要性。此外，如果考虑通过过程分析得出的不确定性和低估的内含能量，则该差距可能会有所不同。建筑中体现的能量的增加表明，在当前能效法规的方法框架中可能需要对整个生命周期进行能量分析。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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