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A new 3D indoor/outdoor spatial model for indoor emergency response facilitation

机译：用于室内应急响应的新型3D室内/室外空间模型

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Increasing size and complexity of indoor structures and increased urbanization has led to much more complication in urban disaster management. Contrary to outdoor environments, first responders and planners have limited information regarding the indoor areas in terms of architectural and semantic information as well as how they interact with their surroundings in case of indoor disasters. Availability of such information could help decision makers interact with building information and thus make more efficient planning prior to entering the disaster site. In addition as the indoor travel times required to reach specific areas in the building could be much longer compared to outdoor, visualizing the exact location of building rooms and utilities in 3D helps in visually communicating the indoor spatial information which could eventually result in decreased routing uncertainty inside the structures and help in more informed navigation strategies. This work aims at overcoming the insufficiencies of existing indoor modelling approaches by proposing a new Indoor Emergency Spatial Model (IESM) based on IFC. The model integrates 3D indoor architectural and semantic information required by first responders during indoor disasters with outdoor geographical information to improve situational awareness about both interiors of buildings as well as their interactions with outdoor components. The model is implemented and tested using the Esri GIS platform. The paper discusses the effectiveness of the model in both decision making and navigation by demonstrating the model's indoor spatial analysis capabilities and how it improves destination travel times. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：室内结构的规模和复杂性的增加以及城市化的加剧导致城市灾害管理的复杂性大大提高。与室外环境相反，急救人员和计划人员在室内和建筑物信息和语义信息以及室内灾难情况下如何与周围环境互动方面的信息有限。此类信息的可用性可以帮助决策者与建筑信息进行交互，从而在进入灾难现场之前进行更有效的规划。此外，与室外相比，到达建筑物特定区域所需的室内旅行时间可能更长，因此在3D模式下可视化建筑物房间和公用设施的确切位置有助于视觉传达室内空间信息，最终可以减少布线的不确定性在结构内部，并有助于制定更明智的导航策略。这项工作旨在通过提出基于IFC的新的室内应急空间模型（IESM）来克服现有室内建模方法的不足。该模型将室内灾难期间急救人员需要的3D室内建筑和语义信息与室外地理信息相集成，以提高对建筑物内部以及它们与室外组件的交互的态势感知。该模型是使用Esri GIS平台实施和测试的。本文通过演示模型的室内空间分析功能以及它如何改善目的地旅行时间，讨论了模型在决策和导航中的有效性。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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