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Comparative assessment of various heat island mitigation measures

机译：各种热岛缓解措施的比较评估

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摘要

With the rapid intensification of urban heat islands worldwide, measures for its mitigation are gaining attention. Some of the most popular measures are based on employing evaporative cooling, altering the surfaces' albedo or making use of shading. In this paper, we numerically investigate the influence of each of these three methods on the comfort of a pedestrian in a typical urban street canyon. The environmental conditions in the urban street canyon are obtained from a detailed microclimatic model, and serve as input for a comfort model based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Simulations are conducted for average summer conditions, taken from a typical meteorological year (TMY), and for heat wave (HW) conditions. The results show that evaporative cooling can considerably reduce the air temperature and the mean radiant temperature, but that the corresponding increase in vapor pressure limits the net gain in comfort. Shading results in significantly reduced surface temperatures, in addition to decreasing the intensity of direct solar irradiation, both leading to an increased comfort sensation. Increasing the local albedo of urban surfaces also leads to lower surface temperatures, but does not affect the amount of direct solar irradiation, explaining the lower comfort gain compared to shading. The cooling effect of all methods proved to increase during a HW in comparison to a TMY. These observations show that the effectiveness of mitigation measures highly depends on the climatic conditions and demonstrate the potential of microclimatic models to determine the optimal combination of measures for a given context.
机译：随着世界范围内城市热岛的迅速加剧，缓解其影响的措施日益受到关注。一些最流行的措施是基于采用蒸发冷却，改变表面的反照率或利用阴影。在本文中，我们数值研究了这三种方法中的每一种对典型城市街道峡谷中行人舒适度的影响。城市街道峡谷中的环境条件是通过详细的微气候模型获得的，并用作基于通用热气候指数（UTCI）的舒适度模型的输入。针对从典型气象年（TMY）得出的夏季平均条件和热浪（HW）条件进行了模拟。结果表明，蒸发冷却可以显着降低空气温度和平均辐射温度，但是蒸气压的相应增加限制了舒适度的净增加。阴影不仅降低了直接太阳辐射的强度，还导致表面温度显着降低，两者均导致舒适感的增强。增加城市表面的局部反照率也会导致较低的表面温度，但不会影响直接的太阳辐射量，这说明与遮阳相比，舒适度较低。与TMY相比，在HW期间，所有方法的冷却效果都得到了提高。这些观察结果表明，减缓措施的有效性在很大程度上取决于气候条件，并证明了微气候模型在确定给定背景下措施的最佳组合方面的潜力。

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  • 来源
    《Building and Environment》 |2014年第3期|162-170|共9页
  • 作者

    Saba Saneinejad; Peter Moonen; Jan Carmeliet;

  • 作者单位

    ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 15, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;

    ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 15, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,UEberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

    ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 15, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,UEberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Heat island; Evaporative cooling; Albedo; Shading; Street canyon; Thermal comfort;

    机译：热岛;蒸发冷却;反照率;阴影;街道峡谷;热舒适;

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