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Assessment of the microclimatic and human comfort conditions in a complex urban environment: Modelling and measurements

机译：在复杂的城市环境中评估微气候和人类舒适条件：建模和测量

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Several complex thermal indices (e.g. Predicted Mean Vote and Physiological Equivalent Temperature) were developed in the last decades to describe and quantify the thermal environment of humans and the energy fluxes between body and environment. Compared to open spaces/landscapes the complex surface structure of urban areas creates an environment with special microclimatic characteristics, which have a dominant effect on the energy balance of the human body. In this study, outdoor thermal comfort conditions are examined through two field-surveys in Szeged, a South-Hungarian city (population 160,000). The intensity of radiation fluxes is dependent on several factors, such as surface structure and housing density. Since our sample area is located in a heavily built-up city centre, radiation fluxes are mainly influenced by narrow streets and several 20-30-year-old (20-30 m tall) trees. Special emphasis is given to the human-biometeorological assessment of the microclimate of complex urban environments through the application of the thermal index PET. The analysis is carried out by the utilization of the RayMan model. Firstly, bioclimatic conditions of sites located close to each other but shaded differently by buildings and plants are compared. The results show that differences in the PET index amongst these places can be as high as 15-20℃ due to the different irradiation. Secondly, the investigation of different modelled environments by RayMan (only buildings, buildings + trees and only trees) shows significant alterations in the human comfort sensation between the situations.
机译：在过去的几十年中，开发了几种复杂的热指数（例如，预测平均投票和生理等效温度）来描述和量化人类的热环境以及人体与环境之间的能量通量。与开放空间/景观相比，城市地区的复杂表面结构创造了具有特殊微气候特征的环境，这对人体的能量平衡起着主要作用。在这项研究中，通过匈牙利南部城市塞格德（人口16万）的两次现场调查研究了室外的热舒适条件。辐射通量的强度取决于几个因素，例如表面结构和外壳密度。由于我们的样本区域位于城市中心地带，因此辐射通量主要受到狭窄街道和几棵20至30年龄（20至30 m高）树木的影响。通过应用热指数PET，对复杂城市环境微气候的人文气象评估给予了特别的重视。通过使用RayMan模型进行分析。首先，比较了彼此靠近但建筑和植物阴影不同的场所的生物气候条件。结果表明，由于辐照的不同，这些地方的PET指数差异可能高达15-20℃。其次，由RayMan（仅建筑物，建筑物+树木和仅有树木）对不同建模环境的调查显示，情况之间的人类舒适感有了显着变化。

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