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Is structural change the primary solution to the problems of construction?

机译：结构变更是解决建筑问题的主要方法吗？

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What is the cause for the well-known problems of construction? What should be done to achieve a solution to these problems? A number of renewal initiatives, such as industrialization, open building, design/build, partnering, re-engineering and others, have been put forward. A common feature of such initiatives is that they imply structural changes to the organizational pattern and/or to the flows of information and materials. The aim here is to discuss critically the idea of the primacy of the structural solution for the problems of construction. To create a basis for such discussion, the theoretical field related to construction is outlined. Three major theoretical areas are recognized: theory of production, theory of management and conceptualization of the peculiarities of construction. For the theory of production, there are three conceptualizations that should be used simultaneously: transformation, flow and value generation (the TFV framework). For the theory of management, there are three intrinsically different managerial actions: design, operation and improvement of a production system. For the peculiarities, three major factors are perceived: one-of-a-kind nature of projects, site production and temporary organization. Based on this framework, a number of conclusions are drawn. Foremost is that due to its peculiarities, construction is characterized by a high level of variability, and the role of managerial action at the level of operation and improvement is crucial in stemming the penalties and further propagation of variability. Five renewal initiatives are analysed based on the theoretical framework. They all focus primarily on production system change and all have given modest or disappointing results. Even if the causal relation cannot be established definitively, there is evidence for the claim that it is the neglect of changes at the level of operation and improvement that has contributed to the relative lack of results. As a conclusion, it is argued that the problems of construction require (besides structural changes in the production system) new initiatives at the level of operation and improvement. Moreover, it is concluded that to support integrative new solutions to the pervasive practical problems of construction, we need to develop further the theoretical foundation, or first principles, of production in general and especially in construction.
机译：是什么原因导致了众所周知的施工问题？如何解决这些问题？已经提出了许多革新计划，例如工业化，开放式建筑，设计/建造，合作，重新设计等。此类举措的一个共同特征是，它们暗示着组织模式和/或信息和资料流的结构性变化。这里的目的是批判性地讨论针对建筑问题的结构解决方案的首要性的想法。为了为此类讨论奠定基础，概述了与建筑相关的理论领域。公认的三个主要理论领域是：生产理论，管理理论和建筑特性的概念化。对于生产理论，应同时使用三种概念：转化，流程和价值生成（TFV框架）。对于管理理论，存在三种本质上不同的管理行为：生产系统的设计，运营和改进。对于特殊性，我们认为三个主要因素是：项目的一种性质，现场生产和临时组织。基于此框架，得出了许多结论。最重要的是，由于其特殊性，构造的特点是高度的可变性，而管理行动在操作和改进方面的作用对于阻止可变性的惩罚和进一步传播至关重要。根据理论框架分析了五个更新计划。他们都主要关注生产系统的变化，并且都给出了适度或令人失望的结果。即使不能确定因果关系，也有证据表明，忽视操作和改进水平上的变化导致了相对缺乏结果。总而言之，有人认为建设问题需要（在生产系统中进行结构变更之外）在运营和改进方面需要采取新的措施。此外，得出的结论是，为了支持针对建筑无处不在的实际问题的综合性新解决方案，我们需要进一步发展总体上，尤其是建筑方面的生产的理论基础或首要原则。

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