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Building performance evaluation: Balancing energy and indoor environmental quality in a UK school building

机译：建立绩效评估：平衡英国学校大楼的能源和室内环境质量

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There is a policy-driven focus, at present, on improving the energy performance of buildings. However, energy-related issues alone do not capture the full impact of buildings on occupants and the wider environment. The performance of a building also includes occupant wellbeing and indoor environmental quality. Specifically, in schools, indoor environmental quality (thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics) is an important aspect. Additionally, the issue of the ‘performance gap’, generally focused on energy, also affects indoor environmental quality parameters and needs to be addressed holistically. This paper reports on a holistic building performance evaluation covering aspects of energy, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics. It assesses the performance issues and inter-relationships between energy and indoor environmental quality in a recently built school campus in London. Based on the evidence collated from this case study and supplementary literature, the endemic issues and constraints within the construction industry are explored, such as inappropriate design calculations and resistance to new low-carbon technologies. Further, lessons for improved performance in the design, operation and maintenance of schools are highlighted such as factoring in the changing building use trends during design and the significance of optimal operations and maintenance of building systems for better energy and indoor environmental quality performance. This study shows that if the building design focus primarily remains on energy, unintended consequence of indoor environmental quality underperformance may occur where there are conflicts between energy and indoor environmental quality objectives. An integrated approach to building performance can help address this issue. Practical application : There are often conflicts between energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) objectives in building design and operation. Most building performance evaluations are primarily focused on one set of these performance criteria. This building performance evaluation was done with an integrated energy and IEQ perspective. The study identifies the causes of underperformance in energy and IEQ in a recently built school in London. Some of the findings from this study provide lessons that are relevant across the industry for the delivery of low-carbon and healthy buildings. These lessons include methods to further strengthen the policy frameworks and design protocols along with overall improvements in the processes followed during design, construction and operation of schools and other non-domestic buildings. The paper can also inform building designers, contractors and facility managers about the ways to reduce the performance gap and achieve energy targets without unintended consequences for indoor environment.
机译：目前有一个政策驱动的重点，提高了建筑物的能量性能。然而，单独的能量相关的问题不会捕捉建筑物对居住者和更广泛的环境的完全影响。建筑物的表现还包括乘员福利和室内环境质量。具体而言，在学校，室内环境质量（热舒适，室内空气质量，照明和声学）是一个重要方面。此外，“性能差距”的问题通常集中在能量上，也影响室内环境质量参数，并且需要全面解决。本文报告了涵盖能源，热舒适，室内空气质量，照明和声学方面的整体建筑绩效评估。它评估了在伦敦最近建造的学校校园中的能源和室内环境质量之间的性能问题和关系。根据本案例研究和补充文学所属的证据，探索了建筑业内的流行问题和制约因素，例如不恰当的设计计算和对新的低碳技术的抵抗力。此外，突出了设计，运行和维护方面的提高性能的课程，例如在设计期间的改变建筑物使用趋势中的修理以及建筑系统的最佳操作和维护，以实现更好的能量和室内环境质量性能。本研究表明，如果建筑设计重点主要仍然依靠能源，则室内环境质量不佳的意外后果可能发生在能源和室内环境质量目标之间存在冲突。建立性能的综合方法可以帮助解决此问题。实际应用：能效和室内环境质量（IEQ）在建筑设计和运营中的目标之间经常发生冲突。大多数建筑绩效评估主要集中在一套这些性能标准。这种建筑绩效评估是通过综合能源和IEQ的观点完成的。该研究确定了在伦敦最近建造的学校中能源和IEQ表现不佳的原因。本研究中的一些调查结果提供了在整个行业中相关的课程，以便提供低碳和健康建筑。这些课程包括进一步加强政策框架和设计方案以及在学校和其他非国内建筑物的设计，建造和运营过程中的过程中进一步加强政策框架和设计方案的方法。本文还可以向建立设计师，承包商和设施管理人员提供减少性能差距的方法，并在没有对室内环境的意外后果的情况下实现能源目标。

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