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Light on the Land

机译：土地上的光

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摘要

In the twenty years surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, the form and character of agricultural buildings in the Northern Rockies and the construction methods used to build them changed dramatically. This essay focuses on the Gallatin Valley of southwestern Montana to explore the nature and meaning of these changes. It places them within the context of the region's growth and development during its early agricultural settlement, which coincided with a period of tremendous advances in agricultural practices. The earliest Euro-American buildings in the region (1862 to the 1880s) reflect typical frontier construction, with logs the predominant material due to the plentiful local pine and fir and the limited tools available. However, this construction method presented structural limitations when the need for larger buildings arose due to regional economic development. Lacking other alternatives, farmers and stock growers put their faith in light balloon frame construction, although many of them had little experience with this method, particularly for sizable buildings. The demand for larger and more complex buildings spurred the introduction and subsequent adoption of an essentially new architecture. High elevation, climate, and the forces of national economic markets were the principal factors that influenced the rapid transition to light wood framing in Rocky Mountain agricultural buildings. This transformation, a real revolution in local design and construction, relates to the larger history of American architecture in the western United States, and it led to the broad diversification of farm building forms and types in the Northern Rockies.
机译：在20世纪之交的20年中，北洛矶山脉的农业建筑形式和特征以及用于建造它们的建造方法发生了巨大变化。本文重点介绍蒙大拿州西南部的加拉廷山谷，以探讨这些变化的性质和意义。它把它们置于该地区早期农业定居点的增长和发展的背景下，恰逢农业实践取得巨大进步的时期。该地区最早的欧美建筑（1862年至1880年代）反映了典型的前沿建筑，由于当地有大量的松木和冷杉以及可用的工具有限，原木为主要材料。但是，当由于地区经济发展而需要更大的建筑物时，这种施工方法会出现结构上的局限性。缺乏其他选择，农民和畜牧业者对轻型气球框架的建造充满信心，尽管他们中的许多人对这种方法缺乏经验，尤其是对于大型建筑物。对更大和更复杂的建筑物的需求促使引入和随后采用一种本质上新的建筑。高海拔，气候和国家经济市场的力量是影响落基山农业建筑向轻木构架快速过渡的主要因素。这场变革是本地设计和施工的一次真正革命，与美国西部地区美国建筑的悠久历史有关，并导致了北洛矶山脉农场建筑形式和类型的广泛多样化。

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  • 来源
    《Buildings & landscapes》 |2017年第2期|58-84|共27页
  • 作者

    MAI RE ONEILL CONRAD;

  • 作者单位

    architectural design and historic preservation at Montana State University School of Architecture;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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