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One Standardized House for All

机译：一座人人享有的标准化房屋

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The federal organization Better Homes in America built a model house in a conspicuous Midtown Manhattan location in 1934. Standing on the corner of 39th Street and Park Avenue, America's Little House drew daily crowds during its nearly one-year run. Better Homes leaders used the model house as an educational demonstration to illustrate how standardized components and methods could make home improvement easier and cheaper. Many of these ideas were inspired by Frederick W. Taylor's philosophy of scientific management, which was originally designed to make industrial work more efficient, but was broadly applied to other fields, including home improvement, during the interwar era. America's Little House was an important testing ground for the federal government, which assembled a team of experts in the fields of architecture, interior design, landscaping, and housekeeping to come up with universal plans that could be used to improve any house. In this way, Better Homes leaders challenged the conventional wisdom that the best houses were individualized ones, and they targeted more efficient domestic labor and consumerism as primary examples of the benefits associated with standardization. America's Little House demonstrated, for example, how women's household chores and purchases could be systematized in order to save time and money. For the Better Homes organization, standardized parts and procedures were more than just practical goals; they were democratic pursuits, undertaken with the belief that economical planning could make home improvement available to all.
机译：美国联邦组织“更好的家园”（Better Homes in America）于1934年在曼哈顿中城的一个显眼位置建造了一个样板房。美国小房子站在第39街和公园大道的拐角处，在将近一年的运行中每天吸引着大批群众。 Better Homes领导者使用样板房作为教育示范，以说明标准化的组件和方法如何使房屋装修更容易和更便宜。这些思想中的许多思想都是受弗雷德里克·W·泰勒（Frederick W. Taylor）的科学管理哲学启发的，该哲学最初旨在使工业工作更有效率，但在两次世界大战期间被广泛应用于其他领域，包括房屋装修。美国的小房子是联邦政府的重要试验场，该联邦政府召集了一支在建筑，室内设计，园林绿化和家政管理领域的专家小组，以提出可用于改善任何房屋的通用计划。这样，“更好的家园”领导人挑战了传统的观念，即最好的房屋是个性化房屋，他们以更有效率的家庭劳动力和消费主义为目标，以此作为标准化带来的好处的主要例证。例如，美国的小房子展示了如何系统化妇女的家务和购买，以节省时间和金钱。对于“更好的家园”组织，标准化的零件和程序不仅仅是实际目标。他们是民主的追求，相信经济计划可以使所有人都能获得住房改善。

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  • 来源
    《Buildings & landscapes》 |2017年第2期|37-57|共21页
  • 作者

    KRISTINA BORRMAN;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Art History at the University of California at Los Angeles;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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