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American Crossroads

机译：美国十字路口

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Norman Bel Geddes's Futurama exhibit was a national sensation, but it was only one component of a larger effort by General Motors to promote highway-centric urban design to the citizenry of North America. Historians of architecture and planning have neglected most of this effort, focusing on the important roles of designers and governments in highway creation while downplaying the powerful voices of corporations. GM's engagement with urbanism began in the wake of the 1933-34 Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago when it capitalized on the success of its fair exhibit by launching the Parade of Progress, a roadshow that took visions of America's high-tech future to towns all across the continent. Millions saw this "miniature world's fair on wheels." The subsequent success of the Futurama in 1939 reinvigorated the parade, and several schemes were concocted to add the Futurama to the roadshow. World War II interrupted these efforts, but victory eventually brought the Parade of Progress back to the highways and byways of America, with renewed emphasis on the importance of urban demolition and highway construction for any community that hoped to enter the promised land of scientific progress. From Palm Beach to Portland, from Pasadena to Providence, the General Motors Parade of Progress spread the "gospel of research," pleading with Americans to plow freeways through the hearts of their old-fashioned towns and embrace the car as a necessity of daily life. The dramatic rise of state support for urban and suburban highways in the mid-1950s suggests the message was heard.
机译：诺曼·贝尔·格德斯（Norman Bel Geddes）的《未来世界》展览引起了全国轰动，但这只是通用汽车公司为北美市民推广以公路为中心的城市设计所做的更大努力的一部分。建筑和规划的历史学家忽略了大部分工作，只关注设计师和政府在公路建设中的重要作用，而淡化了公司的强大声音。通用汽车与都市主义的接触始于1933-34年在芝加哥举行的世纪进步博览会，当时它通过举办“进步游行”来利用公平展览的成功，这是一个路演，将美国高科技未来的愿景带入了所有城镇整个大陆。数以百万计的人看到了这个“微型世界车轮博览会”。随后在1939年获得成功的Futurama再次使游行更加活跃，并制定了几种方案将Futurama添加到路演中。第二次世界大战中断了这些努力，但胜利最终将“阅兵式”带回了美国的高速公路和小路，重新强调了对于任何希望进入科学进步之地的社区来说，城市拆除和高速公路建设的重要性。从棕榈滩到波特兰，从帕萨迪纳到普罗维登斯，通用汽车的进步游行散布了“研究的福音”，恳求美国人在老式城镇的心脏中耕作高速公路，并将汽车作为日常生活的必需品。 1950年代中期，国家对城市和郊区高速公路的支持急剧上升，这表明人们已经听到了这一信息。

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  • 来源
    《Buildings & landscapes》 |2016年第2期|89-115|共27页
  • 作者

    NATHANIEL ROBERT WALKER;

  • 作者单位

    Art and Architectural History Department of the College of Charleston;

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