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American Railways and the Cultural Landscape of Immigration

机译：美国铁路与移民文化景观

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From the moment of landing on American shores, an immigrant's journey was far from over. Those who arrived in New York Harbor at the turn of the twentieth century met the awe-inspiring sight of the Statue of Liberty, followed quickly by the stress of inspection procedures at Ellis Island. In San Francisco the dreadful conditions at the Angel Island Immigration Station were infamous to Asian immigrants, who feared the exhaustive interrogation sessions and extended detention periods. While immigration histories frequently focus on social experiences of immigrants, the physical spaces through which they traveled were also part and parcel of the immigrant experience, and yet this aspect is largely overlooked.3 A difficult railway journey often bridged an immigrant's passage from the port of entry on the East Coast to his or her intended home farther west. In train cars and railway stations, foreigners newly arrived from Italy, Poland, or Russia were segregated from native-born American passengers by virtue of their lower class and national origin. Racial segregation pervaded the space of the railways as well, not only for African American travelers in the southern and eastern states but also for Asian immigrants and Native Americans in the West.4 Railway officials carefully monitored the movement of immigrants through the railway system, intent on limiting their contact with other more privileged passengers. In this way the spaces of the railroad mimicked and replicated the conflicts in American society. First- and second-generation Americans, some of whom had immigrated only decades earlier, targeted newcomers, whom they perceived as different from themselves by virtue of language, skin color, custom, religion, political inclination, and behavior and because they carried with them the supposed physical dangers of disease and disorder.
机译：从登陆美国海岸的那一刻起，移民的旅程还远远没有结束。那些在20世纪初到达纽约港的人看到了令人敬畏的自由女神像，随后很快便受到埃利斯岛检查程序的压力。在旧金山，安吉尔岛移民局的可怕状况令亚洲移民声名狼藉，他们担心详尽的审讯会期和延长的拘留期。虽然移民历史经常侧重于移民的社会经历，但他们所经过的自然空间也是移民经历的组成部分，但在很大程度上却被忽略了。3艰难的铁路旅行常常桥接了移民从港口的过境。从东海岸进入他或她想去的较西边的家。在火车和火车站中，来自意大利，波兰或俄罗斯的新外国人由于其较低的阶级和国籍而与美国本地出生的乘客隔离开来。种族隔离也遍及了铁路的整个空间，不仅对南部和东部各州的非洲裔美国人旅客，而且对于西部的亚洲移民和美洲原住民也是如此。4铁路官员仔细监测了移民在铁路系统中的流动，意图限制他们与其他较特权乘客的接触。这样，铁路空间就模仿并复制了美国社会中的冲突。第一代和第二代美国人（其中一些人只是在几十年前移民）针对的是新移民，他们由于语言，肤色，习俗，宗教，政治倾向和行为以及与他们一起携带而与自己不同假定的疾病和疾病的身体危险。

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  • 来源
    《Buildings & landscapes》 |2015年第1期|36-62|共27页
  • 作者

    CATHERINE BOLAND ERKKILA;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Art History at Rutgers University and is the project editor for SAH Archipedia;

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