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首页> 外文期刊>Built environment >Categorizing Urban Form for the Largest Metro Regions in the U.S. Using the Excessive Commuting Framework
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Categorizing Urban Form for the Largest Metro Regions in the U.S. Using the Excessive Commuting Framework

机译：使用过多的通勤框架对美国最大的都会区的城市形态进行分类

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The degree to which U.S. cities, metro regions, and general urbanized areas have distinct centres of economic activity has been a matter of debate for many decades. In the jobs–housing literature, there is related debate about whether having many distinct mixed-use centres incities leads to longer or shorter commutes. The excess commuting framework has been increasingly refined and applied to assess urban areas' jobs–housing balance. The framework has expanded over the years but an issue in the present research is whether its various theoretical measurementsand efficiency calculations might be used to assess the degree of poly- or mono-centricity of a region, thereby contributing to debates about what kind of urban form facilitates shorter commutes. In this paper, a suite of excess commuting (EC) measures are calculated for fifty-three of thelargest Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the U.S. From there a hierarchical clustering approach is developed and applied to demonstrate which of these metrics are most useful in describing urban form. We examine how these metrics perform for particular built environments, which givesfurther insights into commuting and land use trends. Results of the research show how various urban forms have specific commuting outcomes: specifically, that polycentric urban forms have shorter average commute distances than sprawling ones. This should inform policy questions about the mosteffective land-use planning strategies to pursue in efforts to manage travel demand via built environment interventions.
机译：数十年来，美国城市，都市圈和一般城市化地区具有不同的经济活动中心的程度一直是争论的问题。在就业住房文献中，存在着有关是否有许多不同的混合用途中心贫民窟导致通勤时间更长或更短的争论。过度通勤的框架已得到越来越完善，并被用于评估城市地区的工作与住房平衡。框架已经扩展了多年，但是本研究的一个问题是它的各种理论度量和效率计算是否可以用于评估一个地区的多中心或单中心程度，从而引发了关于哪种城市形态的辩论通勤时间短。在本文中，针对美国最大的都市统计区（MSA）的53个计算了一套超额通勤（EC）措施。从那里开始，开发了一种层次化的聚类方法，并证明了这些度量中的哪些最有用。描述城市形态。我们研究了这些指标在特定的建筑环境中的表现，从而为通勤和土地使用趋势提供了进一步的见解。研究结果表明，各种城市形态如何具有特定的通勤效果：具体而言，多中心城市形态的平均通勤距离比散乱的​​城市形态要短。这应该为政策问题提供有关最有效的土地利用规划策略的政策问题，这些策略旨在通过内置环境干预措施来管理旅行需求。

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