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首页> 外文期刊>Built environment >Violence of Urbanization, Poor Neighbourhoods and Large-Scale Projects: Lessons from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Violence of Urbanization, Poor Neighbourhoods and Large-Scale Projects: Lessons from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

机译：暴力城市化，贫困社区和大型项目：埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴的教训

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摘要

Violence in cities, whether in the North or the South, in most cases is blamed on the 'usual suspects', namely the young people living in poor neighbourhoods. In this article, we attempt to shift this blame to the urbanization process itself. We introduce the concept of 'violence of urbanization', defined as the impact of the rapid and radical transformation of cities through the introduction of mega-projects into the spatial and social environment. The overall objective of this transformation is modernization (and globalization), but it results in the marginalization of the poorer population. As an example, we present Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, not because social violence is particularly high there (quite the contrary in fact), but because today Addis Ababa's urban spaces are produced by radical urban planning and not by maintaining an inclusive and peaceful urbanity. Some important public spaces in the city have been violently destroyed and then rebuilt, in order to achieve urban modernization (in line with the development of a capital city of the Global South). In the process the poor are forced to move further into the peripheries so that their former habitat may be replaced by 'a suitable environment' to accommodate the neo-globalization of urban Africa. The majority of the new, massive, and rapidly constructed infrastructure projects are financed and contracted by Chinese companies. This phenomenon illustrates a process that strengthens our hypothesis of violence of urbanization: it is just another war against the poor, not a war against poverty. It is one of the hardest but also the most common forms of violence we face today and it is being committed in cities around the world.
机译：在大多数情况下，无论是在北方还是南方，城市暴力都归咎于“通常的嫌疑犯”，即生活在贫困社区的年轻人。在本文中，我们试图将这种责任转移到城市化过程本身。我们引入“城市化暴力”的概念，该概念定义为通过将大型项目引入空间和社会环境而对城市进行快速而彻底的转变所产生的影响。这种转变的总体目标是现代化（和全球化），但它导致贫困人口的边缘化。例如，我们介绍埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴，不是因为那里的社会暴力特别严重（事实上恰恰相反），而是因为今天亚的斯亚贝巴的城市空间是由激进的城市规划而不是通过保持包容与和平而产生的都市性。为了实现城市现代化（与全球南方首府的发展相一致），该市一些重要的公共场所被猛烈破坏并重建。在此过程中，穷人被迫进一步迁移到周边地区，以使他们以前的栖息地被“合适的环境”所取代，以适应非洲非洲城市的新全球化。大多数新建，大规模，快速建设的基础设施项目都是由中国公司提供资金和承包的。这种现象说明了一个过程，该过程加强了我们关于城市化暴力的假设：这只是一场针对穷人的战争，而不是针对贫困的战争。它是我们今天面临的最困难但也是最常见的暴力形式之一，并且正在世界各地的城市中发生。

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  • 来源
    《Built environment》 |2014年第3期|394-407308|共15页
  • 作者

    YVES PEDRAZZINI; STEPHANIE VINCENT-GESLIN; ALEXANDRA THORER;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory of Urban Sociology and a Lecturer in the Section of Architecture, at the Ecole Polytechnique Federale in Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland;

    ENTPE in Lyon, and Associate Researcher at the Laboratory of Urban Sociology at EPFL in Lausanne;

    Laboratory of Urban Sociology, EPFL, Lausanne;

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