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Urban Transformations: The Great Cairo Fire and the Founding of a Modern Capital, 1952-1970

机译：城市转型：开罗大火和现代首都的建立，1952-1970年

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In January 1952 an anti-British mob set numerous buildings in downtown Cairo on fire. One of those was the famed 1860 Shepheard's Hotel. These events led to the July 23 military takeover, overthrowing the monarchy and resulting in a group of military officers assuming power. In their strive to remove the symbols of the colonial past they engaged in afar reaching attempt to modernize Cairo. The British Barracks located along the Nile, at the edge of the city's downtown area, were a particularly poignant target. They were replaced in 1959 by the ultra-modern Nile Hilton. Both of these incidents, and buildings, reveal a specific moment in Cairo's history in which the past was cast aside, removed and destroyed and in its place a new vision was promulgated aiming squarely at engaging Cairo and in turn Egypt with the wider world. This paper argues that Cairo's twentieth-century urban development can be read through these two incidents. The fire that burned down Shepheard's set in motion a process that led to the city's current urban form. Tracing the trajectory that began with this incident up until the construction and subsequent use of the Nile Hilton, is revealing in the kind of rupture, both spatial and social, that occurred. Through acts of spatial upheaval a certain form of spatial violence was used to seek a new vision. Media accounts, literary portrayals, and historical imagery evoke the circumstances surrounding these events in addition to complementing various academic studies that have examined this period. Moreover by using such sources -both in their online and archival physical presence - I intend to portray the everyday and the extent to which these two buildings affected the social lives of Cairenes.
机译：1952年1月，一个反英暴民在开罗市中心烧毁了许多建筑物。其中之一就是著名的1860 Shepheard's Hotel。这些事件导致了7月23日的军事接管，推翻了君主制，并导致一群军官上台。为了消除殖民地过去的象征，他们在远处进行了开罗现代化的尝试。位于尼罗河市区边缘的英军营房是一个特别令人发指的目标。 1959年，它们被超现代的尼罗河希尔顿酒店所取代。这些事件和建筑物都揭示了开罗历史上的一个特定时刻，过去的历史被抛弃，移走和摧毁，并在其位置上发布了新的愿景，旨在与开罗进行接洽，进而使埃及与更广阔的世界交往。本文认为，通过这两次事件可以解读开罗二十世纪的城市发展。大火烧毁了谢弗德（Shepheard）的身体，引发了这座城市目前的城市形态。追溯从此事件开始直至尼罗河希尔顿酒店的建造和随后使用的轨迹，在发生的那种空间和社会破裂中都可以发现。通过空间动荡的行为，某种形式的空间暴力被用来寻求新的视野。媒体报道，文学描写和历史意象除了补充了对这一时期的各种学术研究之外，还唤起了围绕这些事件的环境。此外，通过使用这些资源（包括在线和档案实体存在的资源），我打算描绘这两座建筑物的日常活动以及它们影响到Cairenes社会生活的程度。

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  • 来源
    《Built environment》 |2014年第3期|408-425308|共19页
  • 作者

    YASSER ELSHESHTAWY;

  • 作者单位

    United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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