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Transport and Sustainability: The Role of the Built Environment

机译：运输与可持续性：建筑环境的作用

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New Urbanism attempts to promote 'greener' travel through physical design: especially through the provision of compact, walkable neighbourhoods served by transit. Achieving the desired environmental benefits effectively hinges on reducing auto trips, by encouraging people who currently travel by car to switch to walking for short trips and transit for long trips. However, while these aims may be simply asserted, the extent to which they are achievable is complex. The sustainability debate now goes well beyond merely technical discussions of environmental impacts to tackle the stickier political economy of how cities can be made to work in terms of accessibility, how environmental costs and benefits are distributed, and the concept of 'environmental justice'. Who goes where, based on where they live and work, and the land-use levers available to affect why, have become the core policy focus. In order to understand the extent to which New Urbanism can contribute to sustainable transport and development, it is necessary to consider how different social groups using different modes of transport are related to the design of the built environment.
机译：新都市主义试图通过物理设计来促进“更绿色”的旅行，特别是通过提供紧凑，可步行的居民区来为公交服务。通过鼓励当前乘汽车旅行的人改乘短途旅行转乘长途旅行，实现所需的环境效益有效地取决于减少出行。但是，尽管可以简单地确定这些目标，但可以实现这些目标的程度却很复杂。如今，可持续发展的辩论已经远远超出了有关环境影响的技术讨论，而是解决了关于如何使城市在无障碍环境，环境成本和收益的分配方式以及“环境正义”概念方面进行僵化的政治经济学。谁去哪里，根据他们的生活和工作地点以及可用于影响其原因的土地使用杠杆，已成为政策的核心重点。为了理解新都市主义在多大程度上可以促进可持续的交通和发展，有必要考虑使用不同交通方式的不同社会群体与建筑环境的设计之间的关系。

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